特种装备项目的节能评估方法研究

特种装备的购置及改造项目属于固定资产投资范畴,在审批环节中应进行节能审查。本文以科学考察船为例,基于分析科学考察船与其他类固定资产的不同,阐述了科学考察船建设方案的节能评估、能源消费种类及能耗测算方法,并就评估过程中存在的问题提出了相关建议。     

能耗吸收装置在城市轨道交通系统中的应用

介绍了城市轨道交通系统能耗吸收装置的原理和组成,分析了能耗吸收装置的能量吸收过程和系统控制方式,总结了能耗吸收装置运用过程中的故障种类、故障现象及相应的故障解决方法。     

Potential of low viscosity oils to reduce CO2 emissions and fuel consumption of urban buses fleets

This paper shows the results of a comparative fleet test the main objective of which was to measure the influence of Low Viscosity Oils (LVO) over the fuel consumption and CO₂ emissions of urban buses. To perform this test, 39 urban buses, classified into candidate and reference groups depending on the engine oil viscosity, covered a 60,000 km mileage corresponding to two rounds of standard Oil Drain Interval (ODI). In the same way, for 9 buses of the 39 buses, the effect of differential LVO over fuel consumption and their interaction with engine LVO was assessed during the second ODI.Test results confirm that the use of LVO could reduce fuel consumption, hence CO₂ emissions. However, special attention should be taken prior to its implementation in a fleet, particularly if the vehicles are powered by engines with high mechanical and thermal stresses during vehicle operation because this could lead to friction loss increase, loss of the potential fuel consumption reduction of LVO and, in the worst scenario, higher rates of engine wear.     

Impact of transition between signal timing plans in social cost based in delay,fuel consumption and air emissions

Significant effects of traffic congestion include the cost associated with extra travel time, fuel consumption, and gas emissions. This paper develops a mathematical function to quantify the monetary impact of transition designs between signal timing plans on users and the environment. This function offers an approach to reduce problems such as excessive travel time, pollution emissions and fuel consumption. The proposed social cost function is evaluated for various transition plans to assess the impact of the number of steps required to adjust signal timing. The relationships between delay, fuel consumption and gas emissions and the number of steps needed to achieve the transition are also analysed.     

Integrated design optimization of spar floating wind turbines

A linearized aero-hydro-servo-elastic floating wind turbine model is presented and used to perform integrated design optimization of the platform, tower, mooring system, and blade-pitch controller for a 10 MW spar floating wind turbine. Optimal design solutions are found using gradient-based optimization with analytic derivatives, considering both fatigue and extreme response constraints, where the objective function is a weighted combination of system cost and power quality. Optimization results show that local minima exist both in the soft-stiff and stiff-stiff range for the first tower bending mode and that a stiff-stiff tower design is needed to reach a solution that satisfies the fatigue constraints. The optimized platform has a relatively small diameter in the wave zone to limit the wave loads on the structure and an hourglass shape far below the waterline. The shape increases the restoring moment and natural frequency in pitch, which leads to improved behaviour in the low-frequency range. The importance of integrated optimization is shown in the solutions for the tower and blade-pitch control system, which are clearly affected by the simultaneous design of the platform. State-of-the-art nonlinear time-domain analyses show that the linearized model is conservative in general, but reasonably accurate in capturing trends, suggesting that the presented methodology is suitable for preliminary integrated design calculations.     

需求响应的集装箱班列时刻表优化及 Benders分解算法

充分考虑集装箱货物与集装箱班列在时间和数量方面的匹配关系，以集装箱货物送达目的站的总延误最小为目标，构建集装箱班列时刻表优化的线性混合整数规划模型.采 用Benders分解算法将原问题分解为确定集装箱货物与班列匹配方案的主问题，以及优化班列时刻表的子问题，通过求解子问题的对偶模型不断产生主问题的割平面.为克服割平面有效性较低的缺点，设计改进策略，使每次迭代产生多个割平面同时添加至主问题中.最后，通过算例验证模型和算法的有效性.结果表明：改进策略的运用有效提高了算法的计算效率，利用模型及算法得到的班列时刻表与集装箱货物的数量、时间分布之间具有较好的匹配性，制定的班列时刻表很好地响应了用户需求.     

解读铁总企标《CTCS-3级列控系统总体技术规范》

介绍铁总企标《CTCS-3级列控系统总体技术规范》(Q/CR661-2018)的编制背景、主要技术内容,并重点解读有关新标准与原规范具有较大差异的主要技术变更项,最后提出未来改进方向。     

Simplified buckling-and-contact-based expansion method for assessment of crashworthiness of double-hulled ship structure

Ship-to-ship collision events can have severe consequences such as loss of life and environmental degradation. For this reason, modern ship designs are required to incorporate a double-hulled structure to prevent inner-hull damage from such events. Using the experimental or numerical method to analyze the crashworthiness of double-hulled ship structures entails much effort, for which reason neither method is easy to adopt at the early design stage. In this paper, an existing simplified method called Ito's method is improved by a new buckling-and-contact-based expansion method. This method can be applied to double-hulled-structure or outer-hull-local-rupture failure mode. The perpendicular bow-to-side collision scenario is assumed for a conservative estimation of damage to a double-hulled structure. The method was verified in the present study by numerical ship collision simulations of several cases. The results for the buckling-and-contact-based expansion method and numerical simulation were similar for a blunt shape of striking body but different for a sharp shape.     

安装风阻制动装置的高速列车制动距离研究

随着高速列车运行速度的提高,采用包括风阻制动技术在内的组合制动方式以保证高速列车紧急制动时达到规定的制动距离成为热点研究方向。文章针对目前研发中的新型分布式风阻制动装置,采用计算流体力学(CFD)方法对安装风阻制动装置的列车进行了制动力计算,并将相关结果作为输入参数,评估不同布置工况下风阻制动装置对高速列车制动距离的影响。依据评估结果,确定了风阻制动装置的适用速度范围、使用特点及效果。     

《防超劳预警表》的实践与思考

通过对《机车乘务员超劳预警通知书》进行电子化改造和相关功能完善,目标是为了通过可视化的提醒方式,向机务段派班员、机车调度员、计划调度员、列车调度员以及车站值班员等直接涉及运输组织的人员提供机车乘务员劳动时间的相关信息,以便实现对超劳情况的提前发现、提前组织,减少由于信息传递滞后造成的机车乘务员超劳情况。