基于AVL EXCITE TD的凸轮型线仿真优化

在现代发动机开发过程中,CAE软件的应用已经成为降低开发成本和缩短开发周期的主要手段.针对某微小型汽车发动机性能提升的改进工作,利用AVL Excite Timing Drive软件对发动机凸轮轴型线进行优化设计.建立了该发动机的单阀系统模型,在给定的配气机构零件基础上利用多段函数的数学方式优化了凸轮轴的缓冲段和工作段型线.优化后的结果表明,采用梯形函数形式的缓冲段,以及分段函数形式的工作段的凸轮轴型线,既能满足配气机构的动力学和运动学要求,同时达到了提高发动机中低速扭矩的性能目标,有效降低了整机的开发成本和周期.     

Dynamic performances of an innovative coupler used in heavy haul trains

An innovative structure for a heavy haul coupler with an arc surface contact and restoring bumpstop is proposed. This coupler has a small lateral force at a small yaw angle and a limitable yaw angle to ensure an allowable coupler lateral force under intense compressive force. The main structural characteristic of the combined contact coupler is a lateral movable follower with an appropriate friction coefficient of 0.06–0.08 and a slide block with a single freedom of longitudinal movement. In order to verify and simulate the performances, a multi-body dynamics model with four heavy haul locomotives and three detailed couplers was established to simulate the process of emergency braking. In addition, the coupler yaw instability and wheel set lateral forces were tested in order to investigate the effect of relevant parameters on the coupler performances. The combined contact coupler is suitable for heavy haul train for a good dynamic performance.     

基于统计原理的铁路隧道运营期灾害类型及防灾对策研究

统计分析了83例国内外铁路隧道运营期事故资料,研究了铁路隧道运营期间主要灾害类型、原因及防灾对策。研究结果表明:1)铁路隧道运营期间主要灾害类型有火灾、列车碰撞、脱轨及衬砌剥落;2)铁路隧道运营期防灾应以隧道火灾为重点,同时兼顾列车碰撞、脱轨和隧道衬砌混凝土剥落等灾害;3)隧道内旅客列车火灾的主要原因为列车车辆关键部位故障、人为因素、列车车辆缺陷致列车碰撞或脱轨;4)依据土建设施规模及隧道结构分布特点,长大铁路隧道(群)运营期防灾模式可选择定点停车疏散救援模式、全长或局部范围内随机停车疏散救援模式;5)铁路隧道防灾涉及基础设施、铁道车辆和运输调度,应建立铁路隧道运营期灾害防范体系及预警系统,防止事故发生。     

Modelling polymer draft gears

This paper developed a new and simple approach to model polymer draft gears. Two types of polymer draft gears were modelled and compared with experimental data. Impact characteristics, in-train characteristics and frequency responses of these polymer draft gears were studied and compared with those of a friction draft gear. The impact simulations show that polymer draft gears can withstand higher impact speeds than the friction draft gear. Longitudinal train dynamics simulations show that polymer draft gears have significantly longer deflections than friction draft gears in normal train operations. The maximum draft gear working velocities are lower than 0.2?m/s, which are significantly lower than the impact velocities during shunting operations. Draft gears’ in-train characteristics are similar to their static characteristics but are very different from their impact characteristics; this conclusion has also been reached from frequency response simulations. An analysis of gangway bridge plate failures was also conducted and it was found that they were caused by coupler angling behaviour and long draft gear deflections.     

汽车列车横向稳定性研究

汽车列车是牵引汽车与挂车相互作用、相互耦合的复杂系统,其横向稳定性研究涉及多体动力学、刚柔耦合力学、气体动力学、车辆非线性运动和电子控制等多个学科.本文论述了汽车列车横向稳定性的国内外研究现状、研究方法和试验手段,探讨了使用参数和结构参数对汽车列车横向稳定性的影响,分析了角阶跃输入下汽车列车侧向加速度响应.最后,对汽车列车动力学数字仿真算法及代表性软件进行了分析阐述.     

地铁车振对沪闵高架二号匝道的影响分析

针对上海地铁一号线紧邻沪闵高架二号匝道的情况,通过数值分析,研究了地铁车振对沪闵高架2号匝道高架主体结构的动力影响,获得了列车荷载作用下沪闵高架2号匝道的运动规律。     

纯电动汽车传动系参数匹配的研究

分析了纯电动汽车传动系参数的选择对电动汽车性能的影响,指出电动机额定功率/转矩必须与传动系参数相匹配,对电动汽车传动系传动比与挡位数的确定原则进行了探讨。以某一型号纯电动汽车为研究对象,分析了采用手动五挡变速器时两个挡位的驱动力图,提出去掉机械齿轮变速器而代之以固定速比的传动系是行之有效的,理论上可以提高传动系效率,减小能量消耗。     

4L80-E自动变速器电控系统的结构与特点

介绍了4L80-E自动变速器的总体结构,并详述其电控系统的结构与组成,分析了动力传动系统控制模块 (PCM)的控制原理与特点。     

空调列车空气净化器净化效果评价方法研究

目前对空气净化器的评价方法主要是参照GB／T18801--2002《空气净化器》的步骤进行。该方法是针对室内空气净化器的，用于评价铁路空调列车空气净化器显然不太合适。本文针对铁路空调列车送风特点，模拟空调列车通风管道设计了一套实验装置，包括可调速风机、风量调节阀门、回风管路、循环管路、染污口、取样口等。利用该装置对4种类型的空气净化器进行了颗粒物、氨、甲醛、空气微生物的净化效果实验，并对实验结果进行了比对分析，取得满意结果。表明该套实验装置用于铁路空调列车空气净化产品的评价是可行的。