Parametric study of wheel transitions at railway crossings

Vehicle–track interaction at railway crossings is complex due to the discontinuity of the crossings. In this study, the effect of the local crossing geometry, the track alignment, and the wheel profiles on the wheel transition behaviour is investigated using the multi-body system software package VI-Rail. The transition behaviour is evaluated based on the location of the transition point along the crossing (and the location of impact), the contact pressure and the energy dissipation during the wheel–rail contact. A detailed parametric study of the crossing geometry has been performed, through which the most effective parameters for defining the crossing geometry are identified. These parameters are the cross-sectional shape of the nose rail, which can be tuned by one variable, and the vertical distance between the top of the wing rail and the nose rail. Additionally, a parametric study on the interaction influence of the crossing geometry, the track alignment and the wheel profile is performed using the design of experiments method with a two-level full factorial design. The longitudinal height profile of the crossing and the wheel profile are the most significant factors.     

中国四车道及以上超大断面公路隧道修建技术的发展

伴随经济的迅猛发展,对公路交通提出了更高的通行要求,新建、扩建的四车道及以上超大断面公路隧道频频出现,但却几乎没有学者对此方面的研究做出系统的归纳总结,诸多研究在类比引用时忽略工程案例更为细致的类别而存在些许不合理。基于此,通过广泛深入的调研,依据成因和特征将四车道及以上超大断面公路隧道分成3类:常规新建四车道公路隧道、原位扩建四车道公路隧道和分岔四车道及以上公路隧道;在此基础上,归纳总结分析了四车道及以上超大断面公路隧道断面形状、施工工法、施工力学和支护参数等的技术现状以及研究中存在的不足。在断面形状的研究上,实际工程采用的扁平率波动范围较大,并且大于目前理论研究得到的扁平率和国外大部分隧道采用的扁平率,更为合理的扁平率需要深入研究;在施工工法的研究上,有逐渐减少开挖分部,扩大施工空间,增强机械化施工的趋势,与之配套的自动化程度更高的施工机械急需研发;在施工力学的研究上,对围岩的荷载释放和渐进性破坏过程有了更加深入的认识,但是对深埋段围岩压力的计算方法仍没有统一的有说服力的计算理论;在支护参数的研究上,不同的工程呈现较大的差异,需对超大扁平隧道的支护参数进一步研究和优化,为完善相应的指南或规范奠定理论基础。最后对四车道及以上超大断面公路隧道的建造技术进行了展望,指出设计标准化、施工机械化、结构轻型化等是今后重点研究的内容。     

预应力混凝土连续箱梁桥腹板主拉应力的计算与分析

以湖北随岳中汉江特大桥南岸堤桥为工程背景，采用有限元软件对该桥控制截面施工阶段以及运营阶段的箱梁腹板进行主拉应力的计算和分析。结果表明，主拉应力值都在规范允许值之内，为该桥在施工及运营过程中腹板是否产生斜裂缝以及结构使用的安全可靠性提供了理论依据。     

不同型式路桥过渡段动力特性对比分析

针对路桥过渡段的动力响应问题,通过建立轨道路基动力分析模型,结合商业软件FLAC对某客运专线加筋土路桥过渡段、级配碎石路桥过渡段进行了仿真分析,将2种过渡段的计算结果进行对比分析、并将加筋土路桥过渡段的计算结果与实测数据进行比较,结果表明该模型能反映系统振动特性,并从理论上论证了加筋土路桥过渡段比级配碎石路桥过渡更能阻止动应力与振动加速度在路基中的传播,能使路基受到更小的动荷载影响.     

二级公路线形超限危险路段安全性分析及改善措施

当公路采用极限或低于极限技术指标形成的超限危险路段会给行车带来很大的安全隐患.根据汽车行驶的稳定性理论,详细分析了山区二级公路超限危险路段的线型特征对安全行车的影响,然后提出了我国实施"安保工程"的一些改善措施.     

CBTC系统保护区段设置的控制策略探讨

针对CBTC系统保护区段设置的控制策略进行分析和探讨。     

混合梁自锚式悬索桥钢混接合段结构形式的对比试验研究

广东佛山平胜大桥为我国首座混合梁自锚式悬索桥,钢混接合段是该桥设计的关键技术之一。为确保该桥钢混接合段连接的安全可靠,设计了3种不同结构形式的接合段接头模型,对3种接头模型进行了空间有限元分析和对比模型试验。结果表明:钢混接合段刚度的匀顺过渡可减小应力集中,使传力顺畅;平胜桥钢混接合段设计中对接合面处钢箱梁段作局部加强,对混凝土梁段设置刚度过渡,即采用与本文模型3类似的结构形式比较合理,接合段有足够的承载力;平胜桥钢混接合段采用PBL键连接或采用栓钉连接都是可行的。     

Railway ground vibrations induced by wheel and rail singular defects

Railway local irregularities are a growing source of ground-borne vibration and can cause negative environmental impacts, particularly in urban areas. Therefore, this paper analyses the effect of railway track singular defects (discontinuities) on ground vibration generation and propagation. A vehicle/track/soil numerical railway model is presented, capable of accurately predicting vibration levels. The prediction model is composed of a multibody vehicle model, a flexible track model and a finite/infinite element soil model. Firstly, analysis is undertaken to assess the ability of wheel/rail contact models to accurately simulate the force generation at the wheel/rail contact, in the presence of a singular defect. It is found that, although linear contact models are sufficient for modelling ground vibration on smooth tracks, when singular defects are present higher accuracy wheel/rail models are required. Furthermore, it is found that the variation in wheel/rail force during the singular defect contact depends on the track flexibility, and thus requires a fully coupled vehicle/track/foundation model. Next, a parametric study of ground vibrations generated by singular rail and wheel defects is undertaken. Six shapes of discontinuity are modelled, representing various defect types such as transition zones, switches, crossings, rail joints and wheel flats. The vehicle is modelled as an AM96 train set and it is found that ground vibration levels are highly sensitive to defect height, length and shape.     

既有线接触网电分相技术改造的探讨

结合京郑线提速改造对器件式分相绝缘器改造成锚段关节式自动过分相装置的接触网施工新技术进行了探讨,提供了合理的施工技术改造方案,保证电力机车高速通过电分相,满足电气化铁道提速区段接触网“高速、可靠、少维修”的要求,最大限度地确保正常运输安全。     

高速铁路跨区间无缝线路铺轨机组研制商榷

简要介绍国内外现有无缝线路铺轨机组现状 ,重点阐述进行高速铁路跨区间无缝线路铺轨机组研制应注意的几个方面