战略成本管理的基本方法及其在交通运输企业的应用

介绍了战略定位分析、价值链分析和成本动因分析等西方战略成本管理的基本方法，并对它们在交通运输企业中的应用作了初步探讨，对于培育交通运输企业的竞争优势、降低成本、提高成本效益具有重要意义。     

Public–private partnerships: a review of economic considerations with particular reference to transportation projects

The paper sets in context some of the more recent work that has been conducted on public–private partnerships (PPPs) in the provision and operation of infrastructure. PPPs essentially involve a government or its agent signing an agreement with a private company or consortium to supply it with services with the private sector actor involved in major elements of designing, building, temporarily ‘owning’, and running the physical assets; basically they are long-term development and service contracts between government and a private partner. The paper outlines the development of economic thinking regarding the rationale behind PPPs, the extent to which unbundling is optimal and the forms that it may take, the nature of the contracts that are enacted and their renegotiation, the awarding of contracts, and matters of possible corruption. By way of focus, it also provides some indication of what empirical studies in the transportation have thrown up regarding the outcomes of PPPs.     

低压气液混输采气管道串接集气模式研究

针对杭锦旗气田高液气比气井井间串接集气距离长、管道压损大的问题,文中用权重法估算了影响管道气液混输距离的因素,表明管道直径是影响集气距离的最重要因素,权重比约56.1%。根据杭锦旗气田气井生产参数,对不同采气管道规格串接模式进行了研究,确定了适用于不同集气量和串接井数的采气管道规格系列,提出了直线式与辐射式相结合的井间串接模式,为杭锦旗气田地面集输站场和管网设计提供技术依据。     

The influence of bus service satisfaction on university students' mode choice

The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between bus service satisfaction and the transport mode of choice among university students in Qatar. The degree of bus service satisfaction was collected directly from questionnaire surveys, in which university students were asked questions in relation to their satisfaction with the bus service they used and their transport mode of choice. These questions were categorized into three factors according to confirmatory factor analysis: service at bus stops, service of busses, and service of drivers. Furthermore, the students were asked which mode of transport they used given the choice between public and private transport. This study presents a structural equation model to determine how much bus service satisfaction affects people's decisions about their transport mode. The results from the analysis showed that three key factors—namely, service at bus stops, service of busses, and service of bus drivers—were strongly correlated to the mode of choice. In particular, the bus stop was strongly associated with ease of use, shade, cleanliness, safety, and crowdedness level, while the bus itself influenced reliability, travel time, and frequency. Complying with traffic laws and the driver's attitude were also important contributors to the level of bus service satisfaction. Ultimately, this study will be beneficial for policy/decision‐makers. It will allow them to determine what needs to be accomplished to encourage people to use public transportation. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Understanding connectivity to international markets: a systematic review

Improving freight connectivity is increasingly a topic at the centre of the international trade and transport policy agendas. An examination of available documents and studies in both the policy-making and the academic fields shows that the concept of freight connectivity has often been defined in different ways, and thus has taken a variety of meanings. This poses the question on what connectivity is and what are its determinants in the context of international trade. We are not aware of any studies that have analysed, in a systematic way, the different perspectives and determinants of freight connectivity so as to increase access to international markets. This paper seeks to fill this gap by performing a systematic literature review that spans disciplines such as Transport Engineering, Transport and International Economics, and Supply Chain Management. The outcome of this examination is a multidisciplinary framework that hopefully will help stakeholders to understand freight connectivity to international markets better, as well as guide future research and analysis in policy-making.     

设计时速 160 km 以下铁路隧道（普货、有砟轨道）内轮廓标准研究

当前运营的时速160 km以下有砟轨道（普货）隧道内轮廓尽寸难以满足大型养护机械（特别是大型清筛机）作业空间需求,通过对新建时速160 km以下电气化铁路、单双线隧道内轮廓主要影响因素（建筑限界、接触网悬挂方式及布置、大型养护机械空间需求、轨道结构型式、侧沟及电缆槽设置等）进行综合分析,确定单双线有砟轨道隧道内轮廓控制性尺寸,并初步拟定满足大型养护机械作业要求的内轮廓方案,在此基础上通过对内轮廓方案的结构安全性、经济性及施工便利性进行综合比较,确定推荐方案,该成果对铁路行业隧道通用图编制有一定的参考价值。     

105m钢-混凝土组合箱梁长距离运输架设技术

上海长江隧桥105 m钢-混凝土组合箱梁重2 300 t,采用 "天一号"吊船海上长距离运输85海里到桥位架设,运输风险大,架设精度要求高、难度大,介绍大跨度组合梁的运输、架设技术.     

基于最大熵模型的客运枢纽换乘量分布预测研究

针对城市客运交通枢纽换乘量分布预测的问题,引入"四阶段法"中的出行分布预测原理,将枢纽处各种交通方式的客流影响范围近似看作出行分布预测中的交通小区,各交通方式之间的换乘量相应地看作交通小区之间的交通分布量。将重力先验概率式的最大熵模型应用于枢纽换乘量分布预测之中,构建换乘量分布预测的最大熵模型,并以枢纽内部各种交通方式的现状OD换乘量分布为基础,进行模型参数的标定和最大熵模型的求解,隐含考虑随机因素的影响,从宏观上描述换乘者的交通行为。该方法应用于北京市东直门客运交通枢纽的换乘量分布预测之中,效果良好,为进一步进行枢纽的功能布局及换乘组织等研究工作提供依据。     

基于各方主体经济利益实现的长效治理超限超载对策研究

为了防止超限超载运输的反弹,有必要研究治理超限超载运输的长效机制。运用经济学原理,通过建立利润模型分析了治理超限超载对运输企业、道路经营者、低附加值产品生产者、原材料需求者相关利益主体的影响。提出只有超限超载中涉及各方利益主体的经济利益都能得到有效补偿,才能真正走出超限超载怪圈。保证资源流动过程动力链的连续性,是长效治理超限超载的根本;完善货运市场组织结构,建立良性的市场结构模式是长效治理超限超载的关键。实现上述条件的基础是,存在一个良好的有序竞争的货运市场。因此,治理超限超载不应仅仅停留在对车辆的查超上,应通过治理超限超载来整合整个货运市场,建立一个有序竞争的货运市场。     

城市客运交通合理结构的确定方法研究

合理的城市客运交通结构是解决城市交通问题的关键。从城市交通结构的选择原则和不同类型城市客运交通方式优先发展次序两方面,探讨实现城市客运交通结构合理化要解决的首要问题以及具体措施,对于满足城市各类交通需求,促进城市交通的综合治理、城市交通规划以及城市交通设施的基本建设均具有重要的指导意义。