TDJ2006分体活塞减速顶的研制及应用

介绍TDJ2006分体活塞减速顶的研制及试验过程,详述了该顶的具体结构设计。通过对该顶的结构特点及产品特性的阐述,说明了该顶是一种非常适合于我国重载运输发展要求的编组站调速设备。同时对该顶近两年来在国内外的使用推广情况进行了简单介绍。     

南京大胜关长江大桥CPⅢ点位随温度变化的模型研究

以京沪高铁南京大胜关长江大桥CPⅢ高精密测量为工程背景,经过坐标变换后计算得出各个点位的膨胀值,利用概率与统计理论分析处理,得到可用于建模的点对数据(ΔS,ΔT)。根据一定的假设条件,建立了测量点位的位移随环境温度变化的线性回归模型,从而得出大桥CPⅢ位置POS与温度T之间的关系。利用该模型修正并评价测量数据,结果表明其较差完全符合要求,区间预测模型可用。并编程实现了CPⅢ点位位置随环境温度变化的自动化预测,能够方便地为大桥的变形观测、定期复测和实际胀缩效果分析提供一定的参考。     

隧道围岩挤压变形预测方法研究

研究目的:围岩挤压变形预测是高地应力地区软弱围岩隧道勘察和设计阶段的一项重要工作。目前常用的临界埋深法和临界应力比值法均有局限性,迫切需要提出更加符合实际的隧道围岩挤压变形预测方法。研究结论:围岩挤压变形预测可采用强度应力比进行,建议采用Hoek-Brown经验强度公式和GSI法对岩体强度进行估算,F中地应力应取垂直于隧道走向的最大地应力。挤压变形破坏大都发生在F≤1的情况下,而剧烈挤压变形一般发生在F≤0.5时,可将0.5和1分别作为不同级别挤压变形的临界预测值。实践表明,采用F值法对围岩挤压变形进行预测是可靠的。     

西安地铁2号线车辆公路运输实施方案

地铁车辆属超长、超大货物,公路运输时需借助长大汽车且通过市区进入车辆段。因此运输组织及运输安全尤为重要。就地铁车辆的公路运输涉及到的几个因素进行了分析,提出了安全可靠的运输方案。通过批量车公路运输的实施和验证,给地铁车辆公路运输方式提供了有益的借鉴。     

超大面积深厚软土桩网复合地基沉降变形观测技术

结合厦深铁路(广东段)4标潮汕站场超大面积深厚软土桩网复合地基沉降控制施工及沉降变形观测施工实践,详细介绍了沉降变形观测技术,包括观测断面的选取及布置原则、测试内容、测试元器件的布设、沉降预测方法及预测计算、地基固结度的计算及分析,通过预测数据和实测数据的对比,证明了潮汕站场超大面积深厚软土桩网复合地基沉降控制施工方案的正确性,对指导同类型施工有借鉴作用。     

云桂铁路富平隧道斜井施工技术

结合云桂铁路富平隧道斜井的地形及地质特点,对比分析有轨提升出碴和无轨汽车运输2种不同方式在长大隧道斜井施工过程中的利弊;简要介绍无轨汽车运输系统机械选型配置;阐述斜井施工的技术要点和安全保障措施。实践证明,富平隧道斜井施工采用无轨运输,取得了良好的效果,可为以后长大隧道斜井施工提供参考和借鉴。     

不同类型氢燃料电池汽车全生命周期经济性分析及预测研究

氢燃料电池汽车被认为是 21世纪具有潜力的新能源清洁动力汽车之一,影响其推广应用的最重要因素是高成本,开展全生命周期经济性分析至关重要。目前国内外学者对氢燃料电池汽车的生命周期成本评价研究主要集中于零部件成本、燃料价格等因素,而考虑国家及地方补贴政策、运维和报废成本以及不同运营里程、不同车型下经济性分析的较少。从用户的角度,通过对购置成本、运营成本、维护成本、回收残值、补能和抗寒影响以及国家和地方补贴等多种因素进行综合分析,建立全生命周期成本模型,针对乘用车、客车和卡车等不同车型,分场景开展经济性成本评价,将其与传统燃油汽车和纯电动汽车的经济性进行对比分析。面向未来,作出经济性预测,并提出一系列对策建议。     

Total cost analysis: An alternative to benefit-cost analysis in evaluating transportation alternatives

This paper explains the theory in support of total cost analysis (TCA) to compare transportation system alternatives. The full costs of each alternative are first aggregated, including travel time costs and monetizable environmental and social costs. Many costs which are considered on the benefits side of the equation in benefit-cost analysis (BCA) as "cost savings" are brought over to the costs side. Total cost differences among alternatives are then traded off against their estimated non-monetized benefits or impacts, just as a consumer trades off product quality against cost before deciding which product he or she will buy. One advantage of TCA over traditional BCA is that the concept of "total cost" is more easily understood by the public and by political decision-makers than BCA concepts such as "net present worth", "benefit-cost ratio" and "internal rate of return". A second advantage is that there is no suggestion that all "benefits" have been considered; decision-makers are free to use their own value judgements to trade off total cost against non-monetizable social, environmental and economic impacts, just as they trade off quality and convenience against cost when purchasing goods and services in their roles as consumers. The TCA approach is demonstrated in this paper through a case study of two systemwide alternatives for the Baltimore, MD urban area.     

Uncertain demand,modal competition and optimal price-capacity adjustments in air transportation

A new microeconomic model for the operation of an airline facing modal competition with uncertain total demand is developed to analyze optimal price capacity combinations. The novelty is the treatment of the capacity restriction, which is not viewed as affecting negatively individual preferences (e.g. probability of a full flight), but does influence aggregate utility. A mode choice model is used to represent unrestricted individual preferences assuming full availability (phone call demand); air capacity is treated as a variable that acts on the actual choice set. Restricted choices and total demand stochasticity are integrated in welfare calculations (users' benefits and profits). Numerical examples are given and results are analyzed in terms of load factors fare levels, and sensitivity to the stochasticity of requests.This research was partially funded by FONDECYT, Chile, Direction Génerale de l'Aviation Civile, France, the Andes Foundation and the Fulbright Commission.     

Regulatory reform and freight mode choice

Reform of trucking Vehicle Weights and Dimensions (VWD) regulations in Canada is now underway. The effect these reforms will have on the freight transportation industry are only recently the subject of research. This paper is part of this new research effort, aimed at understanding how regulatory reform in the trucking sector will affect the existing competitive relationship between trucks and the railways. The paper presents the results of study and research into modelling the relationship between mode choice and the service characteristics that are affected by VWD reform.Using several periods of data, a series of econometric models are developed which help to elucidate the relative relationships between the mode service characteristics for both of the principal interprovincial freight modes. A technique is developed and presented to model railway user costs in order to overcome the complex and often unrepresentable pricing activities of Canadian railways.The strength of the developed econometric models is presented, including their significance and statistical reliability. This is further reinforced by the similarities exhibited by all the models in the series. The selected model is applied to predict market service responses required of the railway industry in order to compete with the trucking sector now adapting to the new regulations.The impact of the newly implemented vehicle weight and dimension reform on the rail transportation industry is analyzed and railway industry improvements aimed at maintaining its market share are presented. The results predicted by the model show that railway user cost reductions should be moderate, and likely less than the level of inflation over the period of time when trucking converts its fleet to take advantage of the new regulations.Abbreviations AASHTO American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials - CCMTA Canadian Conference of Motor Transport Administrators - EPI End products, inedible commodity classification - GVW Gross Vehicle Weight - NA 1988 VWD National Agreement - RTAC Roads and Transportation Association of Canada - VWD Vehicle Weight(s) and Dimension(s) - WA 1988 VWD Western Agreement