盾构机掘进过程中铰接处漏水原因分析与处理

分析了某地铁区间盾构机掘进过程中铰接处漏水漏砂事件产生的原因。盾构机拼装完成后未进行盾尾真圆度检测,这为事故埋下安全隐患。阐述了漏水漏砂事件的处理方案。总结了盾构法施工过程中应注意的事项。盾构机设备的日常保养、检修很重要,在盾构机设备转场、组装时,应对关键部件进行必要的检测。应加强针对突发事件的应急演练,配备充足人员、有效抢险物资。加强参建各方组织、协调,及时调配技术力量、物资设备。     

深圳北站国铁与地铁安检互认的换乘效率提升研究

高铁站是旅客跨城出行的重要节点,其与其他交通方式的接驳是影响旅客出行整体效率的关键因素。以深圳北站为案例,利用排队论仿真研究国铁与地铁换乘中重复安检带来的效率损失,并讨论去除重复安检的可行性。研究认为,实施安检互认后,在客流高峰期,深圳北站国铁换乘地铁平均可节省4.5 min,最长可节省10 min,地铁换乘国铁平均可节省2 min。安检互认受高铁站建筑设计和安检标准的影响,应根据实地情况制定安检互认的实现方案。     

起重机远程监视管理系统在港口的应用

提高港口机械的自动化程度可以提高港口的装卸效率,从而提升港口的竞争力.远程起重机监视管理系统(RCMS)的应用可以使设备维修人员在第一时间了解设备的运行状态和故障情况,从而大大节省故障查找时间,保证港口装卸作业的顺利进行.     

Cost-efficiency benchmarking of European air navigation service providers

This study uses EUROCONTROL data on operating performance of the national air navigation service providers over the 2002–2011 time period to document in detail the efficiency changes across providers and time using data envelopment analysis. Our results suggest that overall providers’ productivity improved over the time period covered by the data, driven by improvements in technical rather than allocative efficiency. However, some trend reversals in the post-2008 crisis period are also observed.     

Effects of corruption on efficiency of the European airports

The effect of corruption on airport productive efficiency is analyzed using an unbalanced panel data of major European airports from 2003 to 2009. We first compute the residual (or net) variable factor productivity using the multilateral index number method and then apply robust cluster random effects model in order to evaluate the importance of corruption. We find strong evidence that corruption has negative impacts on airport operating efficiency; and the effects depend on the ownership form of the airport. The results suggest that airports under mixed public–private ownership with private majority achieve lower levels of efficiency when located in more corrupt countries. They even operate less efficiently than fully and/or majority government owned airports in high corruption environment. We control for economic regulation, competition level and other airports’ characteristics. Our empirical results survive several robustness checks including different control variables, three alternative corruption measures: International Country Risk Guide (ICRG) corruption index, Corruption Perception Index (CPI) and Control of Corruption Index (CCI). The empirical findings have important policy implications for management and ownership structuring of airports operating in countries that suffer from higher levels of corruption.     

Forging penetration efficiency of steel H13 stepped shaft radial forging with GFM forging machine

The numerical thermal mechanical simulation of radial forging process of steel H13 stepped shaft with GFM (Gesellschaft fur Fertigungstechnik und Maschinenbau) forging machine was carried out by three-dimensional finite element code DEFORM 3D. According to the effective plastic strain, the mean stress and the mean plastic strain distribution of the radial forging, the forging penetration efficiency (FPE) was studied throughout each operation. The results show that the effective plastic strain in the center of the forging is always greater than zero for the desirable larger axial drawing velocity. The mean stress in the center of the workpiece is proposed to describe hydrostatic pressure in this paper. There is compressive strain layer beneath the surface of the workpiece to be found, while there is tensile strain core in the center of the workpiece. These results could be a valuable reference for designing the similar forging operations.     

Research on Energy Efficiency Design Index for Sea-going LNG Carriers

This paper describes the characteristics of liquefied natural gas （LNG） carriers briefly. The LNG carrier includes power plant selection, vapor treatment, liquid cargo tank type, etc. Two parameters fuel substitution rate and recovery of boil of gas （BOG） volume to energy efficiency design index （EEDI） formula are added, and EEDI formula of LNG carriers is established based on ship EEDI formula. Then, based on steam turbine propulsion device of LNG carriers, mathematical models of LNG carriers＇ reference line value are established in this paper. By verification, the EEDI formula of LNG carriers described in this paper can provide a reference for LNG carrier EEDI calculation and green shipbuilding.     

Vehicle type choice under the influence of a tax reform and rising fuel prices

Differentiated vehicle taxes are considered by many a useful tool for promoting environmentally friendly vehicles. Various structures have been implemented in several countries, e.g. Ireland, France, The Czech Republic, and Denmark. In many countries the tax reforms have been followed by a steep change in new vehicle purchases toward more diesel vehicles and more fuel-efficient vehicles. The paper analyses to what extent a vehicle tax reform similar to the Danish 2007 reform may explain changes in purchasing behaviour. The paper investigates the effects of a tax reform, fuel price changes, and technological development on vehicle type choice using a mixed logit model. The model allows a simulation of the effect of car price changes that resemble those induced by the tax reform. This effect is compared to the effects of fuel price changes and technology improvements. The simulations show that the effect of the tax reform on fuel efficiency is similar to the effect of rising fuel prices while the effect of technological development is much larger. The conclusion is that while the tax reform appeared in the same year as a large increase in fuel efficiency, it seems likely that it only explains a small part of the shift in fuel efficiency that occurred and that the main driver was the technological development.     

Energy efficiency and time charter rates: Energy efficiency savings recovered by ship owners in the Panamax market

This paper presents the first analysis on how financial savings arising from energy efficient ships are allocated between owners and those hiring the ships. This as an important undertaking as allocation of financial savings is expected to have an impact on the incentives faced by ship owners to invest in more energy efficient vessels. We focus on the dry bulk Panamax segment as it contributes to around 50 Mt (5%) of total CO₂ emissions from shipping in 2007 and therefore its importance in terms of environmental impact should not be neglected. The time charter market represents a classical example of the principal–agent problem similar to the tenant–landlord problem in the buildings sector. We discovered that on average only 40% of the financial savings delivered by energy efficiency accrue to ship owner for the period 2008–2012. The finding that only part of the savings are recouped by shipowners affecting their incentives towards energy efficiency could consequently have implications on the type of emission reduction policies opted at both, global and regional levels.     

船舶涂装冲砂派工精细化研究

精细化管理是现代企业所追求的管理模式,在精细化管理下,员工个人能力得到合理安排,整体工作效率得到提升.冲砂作业是涂装作业中重要一环,其精细化派工的实现有利于涂装效率的提升.本文通过对冲砂作业进行分析,研究了不同因素对冲砂效率影响,其中着重研究了作业环境所造成工作人员不同姿势及其对效率的影响,综合分析冲砂作业在不同姿势下的作业效率,并对涂装设计提出改进建议,从而为精细化派工提供了依据.