Support condition monitoring of monopile-supported offshore wind turbines in layered soil based on model updating

Monopile-supported offshore wind turbines (OWTs) are dynamically sensitive structures whose fundamental frequencies may be close to those of environmental and turbine-related excitations. The changes in fundamental frequencies caused by pile-soil interaction (PSI) may result in unwanted resonance and serious O&M (Operation and Maintenance) issues, which have been identified as major challenges in the research field. Therefore, a novel model updating framework with an implicit objective function is proposed to monitor both the stiffness and damping variation of the OWT system based on the measured vibration characteristics, which is further verified by laboratory tests. In particular, layered soil was considered in the tests to simulate the practical soil conditions of Chinese seas. Different pile lengths were introduced to consider the long-term PSI effects for rigid piles and slender piles. The results showed that the variation in the fundamental frequency is significantly reduced in layered soil compared with the pure sand scenario. For the OWT systems in layered soil, the variation in foundation stiffness is negatively related to the burial depth under cyclic loading. The proposed model updating framework is proven reliable for support condition monitoring of OWT systems in complicated soil conditions.     

Long marine shafting alignment and optimization considering propeller hydrodynamic force in wake field北大核心CSCD

[目的]针对计入螺旋桨水动力的舰船轴系校中计算,传统方法通常容易忽略船体伴流场的影响,使得螺旋桨水动力计算的结果与真实值之间存在较大偏差,从而导致轴系校中精度下降。[方法]以某舰船长轴系为对象,建立桨-轴-船一体化有限元模型及其伴流场流域模型,利用CFD数值仿真的叠模方法计算螺旋桨水动力;采用流固耦合法将流体计算结果作用于螺旋桨表面,进行轴系校中计算,并得到螺旋桨水动力对轴系整体挠曲线及各轴承状态参数的影响规律。在此基础上,引入多目标优化算法开展轴系多目标优化校中,来解决轴系末端四套轴承间载荷差值过大的问题。[结果]考虑螺旋桨水动力后,轴系尾部挠度变化减小,越靠近螺旋桨处的轴承其载荷所受影响越大,载荷值随进速系数的增大而减小;对比多目标优化前后的轴系校中状态,轴系各轴承之间的载荷差值明显减小,轴系运行状态得到改善。[结论]所提方法提高了计入螺旋桨水动力的轴系校中计算精度,可为轴系校中质量的提升提供参考。     

考虑固液二相互态特性的流固耦合模型

为研究岩土体内的流固耦合作用对道路工程中道路建筑物/构筑物的变形和沉降，聚焦于构建考虑固液二相互态特性的流固耦合模型，首先构建以含水率为参数的固相物性参数方程（弹性模量、体积模量、极限偏应力）和以孔隙比为参数的液相物性参数方程（饱和含水率、残余含水率、Gardner模型参数），其次建立考虑固液二相互态影响的固相本构方程（邓肯-张模型）和液相本构方程（Gardner模型），之后将新构建的本构方程与固液二相控制方程联合使用构建出考虑固液二相互态特性影响的流固耦合模型。以非饱和黄土为研究对象，利用数值模拟软件构建考虑固液二相互态影响的非饱和土流固耦合数值模型，探索固液二相互态特性对非饱和土流固耦合影响机制。研究结果表明：随着含水率的增大，固相物性参数（弹性模量、体积模量、极限偏应力）均呈减小的趋势；含水率增大使得土体强度减小，表现为达到相同的应变，土体的应力减小；含水率增大，相同的变形情况下，土体所承受的荷载变小。随着孔隙比的增加，饱和含水率线性增加，残余含水率线性减小，Gardner模型参数β呈指数减小，土体内有效饱和度也随之增加；孔隙比增大还会导致土体饱和渗透能力的减小，非饱和相对渗透系数增加。在相同的载荷条件下，相较于未考虑互态影响的流固耦合模型，考虑互态影响的模型模拟的土体变形量较大，含水率、压力水头较小。     

湖南澧水武圣宫滩航道改道平面二维水流数学模型研究

湖南澧水武圣宫滩位于淞虎航线53 km航道内，是湖南省水路运输体系的重要一环，为提高其通航标准以及航运价值，对该处航道进行改道处理。着重分析河段的演变趋势和碍航特性，提出澧水武圣宫滩航道的改道方案。通过数值模拟试验，研究航道改道工程实施后，河段通航条件的变化情况，分析不同来流条件下及最低通航水位时的参数变化趋势，以及开挖航道的稳定性。数值模拟试验结果表明：方案实施后澧水武圣宫滩左汊开挖区水流条件及航道稳定性满足需要，河段航道改道在技术上可行，为类似险滩的治理提供可靠的理论依据。     

Modeling and calculation of acoustic radiation of underwater stiffened cylindrical shells treated with local damping

Damping materials are widely used and playing an essential role in reducing the vibration and noise of various ships and underwater vehicles. In practical engineering, damping materials are often applied over the structural surface of ships and underwater vehicles. They are generally distributed not evenly in the whole area, but locally in some vital regions. The stiffened cylindrical shell is the most representative configuration for the main structure of underwater vehicles. Therefore, research on modeling and calculation of underwater acoustic radiation from stiffened cylindrical shells locally treated with damping has high practical value. This paper introduces a mixed analytical-numerical acoustic-vibration interaction method to achieve efficient calculation of the vibration and acoustic radiation from a locally damped cylindrical shell immersed in water. Two kinds of vibration and noise reduction measures are proposed for the damping treatment of a large-scale stiffened cylindrical shell structure. Calculation and analysis are carried out for both measures. The results can provide reference for developing the technology of reducing vibration and noise from ships and underwater vehicles via damping treatment.     

双色波作用下港池长周期波浪模拟研究

防波堤对长周期波浪的掩护较差，长周期波浪容易直接侵袭港内，恶化港内作业条件。依托物理模型试验结果，基于BW数值模型研究双色波作用下港池长周期波浪产生机制。对BW数值模型进行验证，模型与试验结果吻合良好。在频率分别为f₁和f₂的双色波作用下，波浪间发生非线性作用产生Δf、2f₁-f₂、2f₂-f₁、2f₁、f₁+f₂、2f₂等频率的波浪，当产生的长周期波浪Δf与港口自振频率趋于一致时，长周期波浪波高被港池捕捉发生共振而放大。随着双色波入射波高、调谐率的增加，波浪之间的非线性作用增强，长周期波高显著增大。     

Fatigue damage prediction of ship rudders under vortex-induced vibration using orthonormal modal FSI analysis

Recently, the fatigue failure of ship rudders owing to vortex-induced vibration has increased as commercial ships become faster and larger. However, previous methods are inappropriate for fatigue failure prevention owing to the lack of fluid–structure interaction considerations. This study aims to develop a fatigue damage prediction method that can be applied at the design stage to prevent fatigue failure of ship rudders under vortex-induced vibration. The developed prediction method employed the fluid–structure interaction (FSI) method to properly consider the fluid–structure interaction and implemented orthonormal mode shapes to reflect the complex geometry and boundary conditions of the ship rudders. For validation, vortex-induced vibration of the hydrofoil model was obtained using the developed method, and the prediction results matched well with the experimental results. Then, the fatigue damage of the ship rudder model under vortex-induced vibration was predicted using the developed method, and their characteristics are discussed. The stress distribution obtained using the developed method matched well with the geometrical characteristics of the ship rudders. The potential for fatigue failure due to the resonance of vortex-induced vibration was expected by comparing the stress distributions for various flow velocities to the S–N curves provided by the DNV classification.     

Dynamic ice loads for offshore wind support structure design

For offshore wind farms which are planned in sub-arctic regions like the Baltic Sea and Bohai Bay, support structure design has to account for load effects from dynamic ice-structure interaction. There is relatively high uncertainty related to dynamic ice loads as little to no load- and response data of offshore wind turbines exposed to drifting ice exists. In the present study the potential for the development of ice-induced vibrations for an offshore wind turbine on monopile foundation is experimentally investigated. The experiments aimed to reproduce at scale the interaction of an idling and operational 14 MW turbine with ice representative of 50-year return period Southern Baltic Sea conditions. A real-time hybrid test setup was used to allow the incorporation of the specific modal properties of an offshore wind turbine at the ice action point, as well as virtual wind loading. The experiments showed that all known regimes of ice-induced vibrations develop depending on the magnitude of the ice drift speed. At low speed this is intermittent crushing and at intermediate speeds is ‘frequency lock-in’ in the second global bending mode of the turbine. For high ice speeds continuous brittle crushing was found. A new finding is the development of an interaction regime with a strongly amplified non-harmonic first-mode response of the structure, combined with higher modes after moments of global ice failure. The regime develops between speeds where intermittent crushing and frequency lock-in in the second global bending mode develop. The development of this regime can be related to the specific modal properties of the wind turbine, for which the second and third global bending mode can be easily excited at the ice action point. Preliminary numerical simulations with a phenomenological ice model coupled to a full wind turbine model show that intermittent crushing and the new regime result in the largest bending moments for a large part of the support structure. Frequency lock-in and continuous brittle crushing result in significantly smaller bending moments throughout the structure.     

船闸平面形态突变对泄洪影响的数值模拟

岷江龙溪口航电枢纽工程中船闸与泄洪闸相邻布置，上闸首和闸室外墙结构断面不同导致船闸平面形态发生突变，泄洪时突扩区域将出现大范围回流、乱流等恶劣流态，影响枢纽泄洪。通过建立平面二维数学模型，计算闸室外墙前趾布置导墙前后的流场分布，结果显示：回流长度约为突扩宽度的2倍，按此范围布置导墙可基本消除回流，曲线形导墙能够使纵向流速等值线呈均匀递减分布，流态优化效果较好。