自主水下航行器发展概述

自主水下航行器（AUVs）因其应用于海洋勘探而逐渐成为一个有趣的研究对象。波浪滑翔机是一种行驶于波浪表面的无人滑行器（SUV）,它借助海洋能来推动自己,这对于典型的AUVs所采用的电机供能以及昂贵的锚链系统浮标供
　　能来说,是一种技术上的重大跨越。该文讨论了最有效率的AUVs类型。第一部分为每一种类型的发展历程,第二部分为它们各自的技术特点。此外,波浪滑翔机作为应用于海洋部门的一种新型水下机器人,文中简要地给出它的过去,现在以及未来的发展概述。研究波浪滑翔机的意义在于证明它的效率以及实用性,进而取代诸多的AUVs来实现各种实际应用。而研究结果也表明波浪滑翔机确实可以应用于众多领域。对于海洋检测而言,相比于其他AUVs,波浪滑翔机提供了更廉价,更经济,更环保的作业模式,同时也不需要缆绳、船舶等海上作业服务。     

低流量下蒸汽发生器倒U型管内流动传热的数值模拟

针对自然循环工况下蒸汽发生器部分倒U型传热管存在倒流现象,利用CFD软件对倒U型传热管内单相水流动传热特性进行研究。通过建立不同管长的倒U型管水动力曲线,分析了管长对倒流的影响,得出长管处易发生倒流的结论;通过对长管重位压降和摩擦压降随雷诺数变化情况进行分析,对倒流现象的出现进行了的理论解释。该文所得结果对倒流管空间分布的研究具有一定的意义。     

航行作业船舶考虑舵力的动力定位能力评估方法研究

在船舶动力定位系统中,主推和舵组合（桨舵组合）产生的有效推力矢量区域是非凸的,在进行优化推力分配时需要进行凸化处理。文章提出了一种新的处理办法,将主推和舵的组合等效看成相同位置上的两个不能同时工作的独立推进器,这两个推进器的推力矢量区域都是凸区域,且分别对应主推推力方向不同时的推力矢量区域。在数学上只需通过增加等式约束来实现非凸区域的凸化处理,处理过程更为简单。文中结合具体实例进行了计算。结果对比表明,该方法是可靠有效的。该方法还适用于有多个禁区的推进器处理。     

质子交换膜燃料电池接触电阻研究进展

质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC)接触电阻问题是制约其商业化发展的一个重要因素。影响接触电阻的因素可归纳为电池材料、组装参数、工作参数和其他因素。本文主要介绍了PEMFC的接触电阻及其影响因素,并综述了降低接触电阻的方法。     

国产探照灯多点遥控系统在平台供应船上的应用

根据航道和作业需要,船舶驾驶室顶通常安装有一至数盏探照灯,用于船舶夜航、营救搜索和远距离发送灯光信号通信。某平台供应船(PSV)上配置的带有转台的探照灯可实现远程遥控,但其遥控位置通常设在航行控制台上。若能实现多点遥控探照灯,将便于船员实际作业。文中以该PSV为例,描述国产探照灯多点遥控系统在海工项目上的应用,对今后该类系统的设计选型具有较好的借鉴意义。     

再液化系统在LNG船上的实际应用

LNG船存在的突出问题是LNG吸收外界热量挥发而造成货损,而利用再液化装置将挥发的低温天然气(Boil Off Gas,简称BOG)重新冷凝液化并输送回液货舱是目前LNG船处理BOG的主要方式之一。文中首先介绍了再液化原理及分类;然后对全部再液化系统的设备组成、工作流程及操作模式在LNG船上的应用进行分析;最后,展望了未来LNG船安装再液化系统的应用趋势。     

选择性催化还原技术在多功能水下作业支持船上的应用

氮氧化物(NOX)是船舶柴油机排放废气中危害环境的主要成分。通过研究船舶废气NOX的形成机理,结合当前国际海事组织的最新公约要求,对现有船舶柴油机NOX排放控制技术的效果进行对比,探讨选择性催化还原技术在多功能水下作业支持船上加以应用的方案,总结出选择性催化还原系统在设计与实船应用中值得关注的关键技术。     

Modeling delay at signalized intersections with channelized right‐turn lanes considering the impact of blockage

This paper presents a probabilistic delay model for signalized intersections with right‐turn channelization lanes considering the possibility of blockage. Right‐turn channelization is used to improve the capacity and to reduce delay at busy intersections with a lot of right‐turns. However, under heavy traffic conditions the through vehicles will likely block the channelization entrance that accrues delay to right‐turn vehicles. If the right‐turn channelization gets blocked frequently, its advantage in reducing the intersection delay is neglected and as a result the channelization lane becomes inefficient and redundant. The Highway Capacity Manual (HCM) neglects the blockage effect, which may be a reason for low efficiency during peak hours. More importantly, using HCM or other standard traffic control methods without considering the blockage effects would lead to underestimation of the delay. To overcome this issue, the authors proposed delay models by taking into account both deterministic and random aspects of vehicles arrival patterns at signalized intersections. The proposed delay model was validated through VISSIM, a microscopic simulation model. The results showed that the proposed model is very precise and accurately estimates the delay. In addition, it was found that the length of short‐lane section and proportion of right‐turn and through traffic significantly influence the approach delay. For operational purposes, the authors provided a step‐by‐step delay calculation process and presented approach delay estimates for different sets of traffic volumes, signal settings, and short‐lane section lengths. The delay estimates would be useful in evaluating adequacy of the current lengths, identifying the options of extending the short‐lane section length, or changing signal timing to reduce the likelihood of blockage. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Comparison of advanced imputation algorithms for detection of transportation mode and activity episode using GPS data

Global Positioning System (GPS) technologies have been increasingly considered as an alternative to traditional travel survey methods to collect activity-travel data. Algorithms applied to extract activity-travel patterns vary from informal ad-hoc decision rules to advanced machine learning methods and have different accuracy. This paper systematically compares the relative performance of different algorithms for the detection of transportation modes and activity episodes. In particular, naive Bayesian, Bayesian network, logistic regression, multilayer perceptron, support vector machine, decision table, and C4.5 algorithms are selected and compared for the same data according to their overall error rates and hit ratios. Results show that the Bayesian network has a better performance than the other algorithms in terms of the percentage correctly identified instances and Kappa values for both the training data and test data, in the sense that the Bayesian network is relatively efficient and generalizable in the context of GPS data imputation.     

柴油机尿素 SCR 反应特性的试验研究

利用可独立控制尿素喷射量的SCR系统,通过柴油机台架试验,研究了钒基催化剂温度和空速对SCR催化还原反应NOx 转化效率和反应速率的影响,以及尿素喷嘴安装位置对转化效率的影响。结果表明：NOx 转化率随着氨氮比（NH3与NOx 物质的量之比）的升高而逐渐升高,由于尿素水解和热解不完全等因素,氨氮比上升到2时NOx 转化率才可达到最大;NOx 转化率随着催化剂温度升高而升高,到400℃时基本趋于稳定,NOx 转化率随空速升高略有下降;SCR反应速率随温度的升高而升高,随空速的变化不明显;相同氨氮比时,尿素喷嘴与催化剂的距离增加,有利于NOx 转化率的升高。