浅论城市快速环道中快速路与辅道的关系

城市快速路因其“快速”的要求 ,主要用于解决道路“通达”中“通”的 (即相对于某一较长的路段 ,要求快速畅通 )的功能 ;而“达”(即到达临近街区 )的功能 ,则一般通过设于快速路两侧 (或附近 )的辅道来解决。本文主要探讨怎样合理地组合快速路及其辅道 ,分析几种组合方式的利弊     

Neighborhood services,trip purpose,and tour-based travel

Communities are increasingly looking to land use planning strategies to reduce drive-alone travel. Many planning efforts aim to develop neighborhoods with higher levels of accessibility that will allow residents to shop closer to home and drive fewer miles. To better understand how accessible land use patterns relate to household travel behavior, this paper is divided into three sections. The first section describes the typical range of services available in areas with high neighborhood accessibility. It explains how trip-based travel analysis is limited because it does not consider the linked (chained) nature of most travel. The second section describes a framework that provides a more behavioral understanding of household travel. This framework highlights travel tours, the sequence of trips that begin and end at home, as the basic unit of analysis. The paper offers a typology of travel tours to account for different travel purposes; by doing so, this typology helps understand tours relative to the range of services typically offered in accessible neighborhoods. The final section empirically analyzes relationships between tour type and neighborhood access using detailed travel data from the Central Puget Sound region (Seattle, Washington). Households living in areas with higher levels of neighborhood access are found to complete more tours and make fewer stops per tour. They make more simple tours (out and back) for work and maintenance (personal, appointment, and shopping) trip purposes but there is no difference in the frequency of other types of tours. While they travel shorter distances for maintenance-type errands, a large portion of their maintenance travel is still pursued outside the neighborhood. These findings suggest that while higher levels of neighborhood access influences travel tours, it does not spur households to complete the bulk of their errands close to home.     

我国锻造工业的发展现状及对策

阐述了我国锻造行业技术发展的基本状况、锻造业的关键技术和未来发展趋势,并对我国锻造行业应采取的基本对策提出了一些设想。     

基于可持续发展的城市客运交通方式分担率预测模型研究

可持续发展是人类21世纪的主题,因此在交通方式分担率预测时不仅要考虑需求,更要考虑社会经济、资源及环境。文章即基于这一思想提出了可持续发展的客运交通方式分担率宏观优化模型,在宏观控制的基础上,充分考虑影响城市客运交通结构的各因素,建立了基于距离曲线的城市客运交通方式分担率预测模型,并通过实例进行了分析验证。     

Performance Evaluation of Hybrid-Drive Buses and Potential Fuel Savings in Brazilian Urban Transit

Transporting more than 55 million passengers per day, buses are the main transit mode in Brazil. Most of these vehicles use diesel oil and this situation causes dependence on oil, extensive greenhouse gas emissions and increasing air pollution in urban areas. In order to improve this situation the options for Brazilian cities include the use of alternative fuels and new propulsion technologies, such as hybrid vehicles. This article proposes a procedure for evaluating the performance of a recently developed Brazilian hybrid-drive technology. A simple procedure is presented to compare hybrid-drive buses with conventional diesel buses in urban operation focusing on fuel economy and the potential for reducing diesel oil consumption through the use of hybrid-drive buses. Field tests carried out by the authors indicate that fuel consumption improvement through the use of hybrid-drive buses would certainly exceed 20%, resulting in lower fuel costs and reduced carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions.     

成都市城区水域开发工程设计概况

今文介绍了成都市府南河上蓄水、泄洪为一体的水工设施——充水式橡胶坝枢纽工程，并确定了坝址、坝高及坝前所形成的有效水面面积，还讨论了实现城区西侧勾通府南河的设想。     

北京城市交通发展战略研究

本文综合分析了北京城市交通现状，运用生产力布局的理论对北京城市交通拥堵的原因进行分析，探索了国内外大城市交通发展的最新趋势，根据发展“首都经济”的要求．提出解决北京城市交通拥堵问题，必须采取标本兼治，并提出北京城市交通发展战略研究的有关建议。.     

公路交通可持续发展评价指标及评价方法研究

根据公路交通可持续发展评价的内容和特点,从公路交通可持续发展水平、发展能力、发展协调性3个方面建立了评价指标体系;提出了指标属性值和无量纲化的计算方法;应用模糊识别原理,结合AHP权重确定方法,依据公路交通可持续发展目标(级别划分)的实现程度,提出公路交通可持续发展的多级模糊识别综合评价模型;其评价方法和模型,反映了公路交通可持续发展的内涵,对区域公路交通可持续发展评价有借鉴作用。最后,进行了实证研究。     

基于视觉的前方车辆探测技术研究方法综述

对国内外关于车道上本车前方车辆检测方法进行了综述。根据探测车辆所采用的传感器不同,分别对采用单目视觉、双目视觉、视觉与其他传感器融合以及非视觉传感器的几种探测方法进行了比较与分析。同时,针对每种探测方法,进一步阐述了目前车辆识别的一些具体算法。最后,指出了每种方法存在的优点和一些不足。     

城市高架桥之高独柱墩横向位移探讨

结合城市高架高独柱墩顶部发生横向位移这一现象,对高独柱墩顶部横向荷载产生的原因进行初步分析,并应用三维非线性屈曲分析,阐述组合荷载所引起的大变形及混凝土徐变效应与墩顶横向位移之间的关系,提出了设计、施工类似结构时应注意的事项。