城市轨道交通的旅行速度与列车拥挤度

从满足乘客出行需求的角度阐述城市轨道交通列车旅行速度、拥挤度两项指标的重要意义,并以当前我国典型的一线、二线城市轨道交通旅行速度、拥挤度的指标水平和提升过程为实例,分析这两项指标的计算方法、核心要素以及相互关系,从而提出新线开通运营前合理确定和开通运营后不断提升这两项核心指标的具体方法和措施:从优化司机站务人员站台作业标准流程、减少车辆开关门时间和同步延时时间、缩小列车区间运行时间余量等方面提高旅行速度;在开通初期可以通过增加上线列车数、中期可以通过提高旅行速度和折返效率的方法来降低列车拥挤度,而后期则需要研究采用大小交路套跑、上下行不对称运输、平行线路建设、新车增购等方式来从根本上降低列车拥挤度,不断提高乘客服务水平。     

城市轨道交通新线设备国产化评审及进口设备免税申报管理

由于新建城市轨道交通的企业对新线设备国产化管理经验的不足,难以在较短时间内组织好新线设备国产化申报及进口设备免税申报工作。介绍了相关政策背景并分析申报管理的重难点,提出明确企业部门责职、规范流程的建议。通过明晰申报流程,理顺各种工作界面间的关系,帮助企业获得相关进口设备免税,以及顺利通过设备国产化审核。     

Experimental and numerical investigation on the derailment of a railway wheelset with solid axle

This paper presents the results of an experimental and numerical investigation on the derailment of a railway wheelset with solid axle. Tests were carried out under quasi-steady-state conditions, on a full-scale roller rig, and allowed to point out the effect of different parameters like the wheelset's angle of attack and the ratio between the vertical loads acting on the flanging and non-flanging wheels. On the basis of the test results, some existing derailment criteria are analysed in this paper and two new criteria are proposed. A model of wheel–rail contact is proposed for the mathematical modelling of the flange climb process, and numerical vs. experimental comparisons are used to obtain model validation.     

Dynamic model for ride comfort evaluations of the rubber-tired light rail vehicle

The dynamic model was developed to evaluate vibration accelerations and ride comforts during the running of the Korean-standardised rubber-tired light rail vehicle. Ride comfort indexes were analysed and tested in accordance with UIC 513R by using the dynamic model and the actual vehicle in the test track. Based on the comparisons between analysis results and test results, the validity of the developed dynamic model was evaluated. It was verified whether or not the developed Korean-standardised rubber-tired light rail vehicle met the specified target specification on ride comfort. In addition, the influence of the wearing of guide wheels on ride comfort was estimated.     

Dynamics of railway wagons subjected to braking torques on defective tracks

It is well known that track defects cause profound effects to the dynamics of railway wagons; normally such problems are examined for cases of wagons running at a constant speed. Brake/traction torques affect the speed profile due to the wheel–rail contact characteristics but most of the wagon–track interaction models do not explicitly consider them in simulation. The authors have recently published a model for the dynamics of wagons subject to braking/traction torques on a perfect track by explicitly considering the pitch degree of freedom for wheelsets. The model is extended for cases of lateral and vertical track geometry defects and worn railhead and wheel profiles. This paper presents the results of the analyses carried out using the model extended to the dynamics of wagons containing less ideal wheel profiles running on tracks with geometry defects and worn rails.     

Indirect method for wheel–rail force measurement and derailment evaluation

Wheel set flange derailment criteria for railway vehicles are derived and the influence of wheel–rail contact parameters is studied. An indirect method for wheel–rail force measurement based on these derailment evaluation criteria is proposed. Laboratory tests for the calibration of strain–force devices on the bearing box are carried out to determine the relationship between the applied force and the measured strain. The simulation package, SIMPACK, is used to develop a passenger car model to generate wheel–rail forces and vibration signals. Different cases are considered in this model to provide an accurate validation of the identified wheel–rail forces. A feasibility test is conducted in the Beijing Loop test line using a passenger car equipped with a set of strain gauges on the wheel set. The comparison of the force time history applied to the instrumented wheel set and that obtained using the indirect method is presented.     

直流牵引变电所在供电系统运行仿真中的建模

讨论了直流牵引变电所在供电系统运行仿真中的建模问题。直流牵引变电所主要由整流变压器和硅整流器构成。在进行直流牵引供电系统的运行仿真时,将其按戴维南电路建模,其等效内电阻和理想电压源由交流电源和整流机组的参数以及负载情况决定。本文给出了12脉波整流机组的计算实例。     

域市轨道交通发展模式研究

城市的发展和规模与城市交通的不断完善、交通技术水平的不断提高有着直接的关系．本文在分析国内外特大城市地域结构变化特征及发展趋势的基础上，提出我国大城市轨道交通发展的基本模式．在特大城市中心区应重点发展地下铁道．在运量达不到地下铁道标准时应发展轻轨交通，而在近郊、卫星城镇和城市带内应尽快发展城市市郊快速铁道．     

铁路轨道刚度的确定方法

对轨道合理刚度问题进行分析,阐述轨道容许变形量与轨道部件容许应力相互平衡关系以及维修工作量与行车舒适性相互制约关系。给出三种确定轨道整体刚度的方法,钢轨允许应力法、轨道允许变形法和临界速度法。论述部件刚度合理匹配关系。从安全和控制维修的角度,提出基于合理变形确定轨道部件刚度的方法,即变形分配法。应用所提出的方法,对高速铁路轨道刚度问题进行探讨,建议采用轨道允许变形法和变形分配法确定高速铁路轨道整体刚度和部件刚度。给出我国高速铁路在车辆轮载作用下轨道刚度的建议值,轨道整体刚度100kN·mm-1、钢轨支座刚度37kN·mm-1、轨下垫板和道床刚度74kN·mm-1。     

基于结构光视觉传感技术的轮对测量新方法

非接触式轮对自动测量新方法利用先进的结构光视觉传感技术完成轮对各参数的测量.通过结构光扫描轮对,在轮对不同的部位产生相应的变形光,利用视觉传感及图像处理等技术提取结构光变形曲线,获取轮对几何信息,实现轮对外形尺寸、轮对踏面擦伤和剥离等多个参数的在线非接触测量.该方法简单、可靠,测量精度为±0.2 mm.