达克罗技术在汽车防腐中的应用

达克罗涂层具有诸多优点,已逐步替代多种传统防腐技术,在汽车工业领域获得了越来越广泛的应用。简述了达克罗涂层的防腐机理,重点介绍了达克罗技术在汽车行业的应用情况,分析了达克罗技术今后的研究方向。     

地铁杂散电流的腐蚀及防护影响分析

根据轨道交通的杂散电流产生原理,结合工程实际,提出了杂散电流防护体系;并结合轨道交通的工程特点,从杂散电流与接地的关系分析,提出了隧道和车站的结构钢筋可用作设备接地的建议.     

Policy packages for modal shift and CO2 reduction in Lille,France

This paper proposes different policy scenarios to cut CO₂ emissions caused by the urban mobility of passengers. More precisely, we compare the effects of the ‘direct tool’ of carbon tax, to a combination of ‘indirect tools’ – not originally aimed at reducing CO₂ (i.e. congestion charging, parking charges and a reduction in public transport travel time) in terms of CO₂ impacts through a change in the modal split. In our model, modal choices depend on individual characteristics, trip features (including the effects of policy tools), and land use at origin and destination zones. Personal “CO₂ emissions budgets” resulting from the trips observed in the metropolitan area of Lille (France) in 2006 are calculated and compared to the situation related to the different policy scenarios. We find that an increase of 50% in parking charges combined with a cordon toll of €1.20 and a 10% travel time decrease in public transport services (made after recycling toll-revenues) is the winning scenario. The combined effects of all the policy scenarios are superior to their separate effects.     

城市轨道交通常态与非常态短期客流预测方法研究

城市轨道交通客流特征除表现为常态的周期性、季节性及高峰性外,还会因节假日、体育赛事、城市大型活动、突发事件、特殊天气等因素表现出差异性和特殊性,本文对较为成熟的常态及研究较少的非常态客流预测方法进行了实验.首先利用通用的ARIMA时间序列预测算法分析样本历史数据实现常态日客流预测;其次针对客流特殊因素提出时间序列及回归分析的组合模型,同时引进虚拟变量和结合相似日样本数据进一步改进,实现非常态预测问题的高精度求解.仿真计算结果表明,本文方法对解决短期客流预测具有良好的适用度,尤其同样本同预测周期条件下的非常态组合改进模型和常用单一时间序列模型的对比,证明改进模型可以很好地应用在客流特征既包括随时间固有不变的性质又表现出特殊因素的研究中,具有较强的自适应性和更好的预测精度.     

城市道路联网联控关键技术

从城市道路联网联控平台的系统构建出发,概述其系统构架的关键层次为交通信息感知层、模型层、应用层及信息发布层。阐述城市道路联网联控的关键技术,主要包括交通信息感知、道路运行状态分析、交通需求识别、交通信号控制和交通诱导。最后,讨论城市道路联网联控技术带来的社会效益。     

The quality of survey data: Telephone versus face-to-face interviews

Those designing surveys and producing data have always been concerned about its quality. The increasing stringency of the financial constraints which affect public authorities and the increased scope of involvement in the regulation of urban travel has led us to pay even greater attention to the quality of data. This issue is frequently covered in the literature on survey methods. However, comparisons between different survey methods are more rarely conducted. The decision to conduct such an analysis is partly the result of the development of telephone use to the detriment of other survey modes in many countries and also the development of Computer-Aided Telephone Interviewing (CATI) which facilitates the running and monitoring of the survey.This paper examines several aspects of this question in order to compare the performance of telephone and face-to-face interviews. The first aspect is the representativeness of the sample, and therefore relates mainly to the issue of nonresponses and the choice of a sample base. The second concerns the accuracy of the information and involves the choice of a survey area and the recording of all trips, including short-distance travel. Finally, the quality of data is obviously determined by the quality of the responses given by those interviewed.The answers we give frequently depend on the objective of the surveys, which leads us to put forward a table which summarizes the performance of telephone and face-to-face interviews on the basis of the main objective of the survey. Broadly, the telephone seems to be the favoured tool for surveys in the area of transport planning and surveys which aim to provide data for forecasting models, mostly on the grounds of cost. However, face-to-face techniques are often preferred for surveys which aim to discover and analyze the factors which explain individual travel behaviour.     

城市轨道车辆节能运行方式的研究

本文通过对完成两站之间牵引任务能耗的分析和对城市轨道车辆运行方式的分析,找出了影响能耗的关键,得出了在城市站距较短的条件下快速轨道电车的最佳运行方式.最后讨论影响能耗主要参数选择的一些考虑.     

Understanding members' carsharing (activity) persistency by using econometric model

Carsharing is an innovative travel alternative that has recently experienced considerable growth and become part of sustainable transportation initiatives. Although carsharing is becoming increasingly a popular alternative transportation mode in North America, it is still an under‐researched area. Current research is aimed at better understanding of the behavior of carsharing users. For every member, a two‐stage approach microsimulates the probability of being active in any month using a binary probit model and given that a particular member is active during a month, the probability of that member using the service multiple times using a random utility‐based model. The model is estimated using empirical data from one of the largest carsharing companies in North America. The model estimates reveal that the activity persistency of members is positively linked to previous behaviors for up to 4 months, and that the influence of previous months weakens over time. It also shows that some attributes of the traveler (gender, age, and language spoken at home) impact his or her behaviors. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

轨道车辆安全性的实施方法和具体操作

轨道车辆安全性是RAMS(可靠性、可用性、可维护性和安全性)的特性之一,在车辆的设计、制造中具有非常重要的作用。介绍了实施轨道车辆安全性的方法和具体操作步骤。在具体操作中引入了车辆的风险概念和可接受原则,说明了所要分析危险事件的范围。介绍了车辆功能分解的意义和作用,以及如何进行初步风险分析和确定安全性关键项目清单;同时介绍了如何利用故障树分析法得出车辆故障状态的发生频率。     

轨道交通列车司机控制器概述

司机控制器是列车司机控制列车运行的主令控制器,是利用控制电路的低压电器间接控制主电路的电气设备.通过司机控制器的分类和性能指标的对比,指出了不同结构和不同输出模式的优缺点.介绍了近年应用的几种司机控制器,并展望其发展趋势.