浅析道路工程的经济效益

本文从价值观念出发 ,就道路结构、施工质量及管理、养护等方面 ,对城市道路工程的经济性进行了浅述。     

关于城市道路规划设计几个问题的探讨

本文主要论述城市道路规划设计应正确认识道路环境、道路功能、重视道路等级与里程长度以及路口与路段通行能力的协调配合。     

浅谈城市道路建设(改造)过程中的施工监理

目前大多数城市都在进行城市道路建设或改造。道路交付使用后塌陷问题不断出现。文章对此提出如何对待多项目施工管理体制和严格质量要求消除隐患等建议     

信号控制对动态路线选择的影响研究

以动态路线选择模型为基础的先进的出行者信息系统（ＡＴＩＳ）的实施必然对城市交通控制系统产生影响，同时交通控制系统的控制方案对路线诱导信息“运行时间”的估计也发生作用，影响用户对最优路线的造选择。对两系统的相互关系进行了分析，并建立了两系统相互关系模型最后给出了实际案例分析。     

喷撒颗粒的增粘机理研究

本文建立了向轮轨接触间喷撒颗粒时的摩擦模型，并将此摩擦模型应用于修正的轮轨粘着理论中，对喷撒颗粒的增粘机理进行了理论研究。从理论计算结果可以看出，向轮轨接触间喷撒颗粒的增粘效果是非常明显的，且增粘效果和轮轨的表面状态、颗粒的质量和进入轮轨接触面间的颗粒数量有关。     

Sustainability and automobility among the elderly: An international assessment

In the next three decades there will a huge increase in both the absolute number of older people and in their percentage of the populationin almost all Western European countries, North America, and Australia. Most older people will have active lifestyles in which mobility and access play a major role and almost all older men and a majority of older women will be car drivers, used to the convenience and flexibility which the car provides.Using data from the US, Australia, Germany, New Zealand, Norway, and the United Kingdom, the paper shows that, in spite of cultural and policy differences, older people around the world are more likely to have a license, to take more trips, and to do so more often as the driver of a car than older people just a decade ago; they are also less likely to use public transit. These trends have a number of sustainability implications – the most obvious one is increased environmental pollution. For example, even though older people may travel less than younger drivers they may be polluting proportionately more because a) they are less likely to make as great a proportion of trips in public transit as younger people and b) the trips they do make may create more pollutants. In addition, older drivers may incur more wasted miles due to wayfinding errors and trip-scouting behavior. And when older people curtail their driving, younger family members may have to increase (or lengthen) their trip-making to provide needed services or additional transportation.While this paper stresses the environmental problems posed by an aging population, effective strategies arise from a focus on a broader definition of sustainability. The most important approach is to accept the inevitable and work to make the private car "greener" and safer. New transit service concepts and strategic community and neighborhood design and service elements can complement the development of cleaner cars.Although many of the potential strategies are not new, or can be expensive to implement, the convergence of environmental concerns with other problems arising from the automobility of the elderly – including increasing crash rates and serious loss of mobility among those unable to drive – may make these policies more politically viable than in the past.     

基于数据融合的公交客流规模测算方法

公交客流规模测算往往存在调查成本受限和准确度要求较高的矛盾.提出基于公交IC卡历史数据与人工补充调查数据的数据融合测算方法,以准确推算公交客流规模.首先根据公交线路的基本属性,采用聚类分析方法划分线路类型,从每一类中选择具有代表性的线路.基于IC卡数据分析公交客流时变特征,运用有序样本聚类Fisher算法将线路小时刷卡量进行聚类分析.划分刷卡量相似时段,进而采用优化方法确定调查抽样率,确定相应的调查车辆进行人工补充调查,最终经过数据融合计算获得公交客流规模.基于上海市某辖区IC卡数据进行案例分析,测算得到三类公交线路的日均客流量.     

山岭重丘区公路选线探讨

山岭重丘区选线受地形、水文地质、路线交叉、公铁交叉等多种因素制约,线位的优劣是制约经济、合理、可行的重要因素。背景为山西省晋城市G207线过境段公路改线工程,结合项目选线过程中遇到的实际问题,提出本次选线的几点原则,通过不同线位的比较,最终确定较为合理、经济的线位,对类似工程项目具有一定的指导意义。     

Implementation of interactive transit information kiosks at New York City transit facilities: Analysis of user utilization and lessons learned

Transit Traveler Information Systems (TTIS) comprise a wide range of technologies that transit agencies use to provide reliable and timely transit-related information to customers. The touch-screen interactive information kiosk is an example of these emerging TTIS technologies. This paper examines the implementation of interactive touch-screen information kiosks, known as “On the Go!” Touch-Screen Travel Stations, at Metropolitan Transportation Authority-New York City Transit (MTA-NYCT) facilities in 2011. It analyzes data from passenger intercept surveys, from the kiosks’ built-in application usage logs and from field observations to understand actual passenger utilization of the kiosks and to assess the implications for transit agencies. The field observations also made it possible to obtain a profile of kiosk users, which sheds light on the concept of the “digital divide.” The findings, presented as lessons learned, can help agencies elsewhere develop guidelines and effective strategies for implementing similar interactive transit information systems.