Theoretical and experimental excitation force spectra for railway-induced ground vibration: vehicle–track–soil interaction,irregularities and soil measurements

Excitation force spectra are necessary for a realistic prediction of railway-induced ground vibration. The excitation forces cause the ground vibration and they are themselves a result of irregularities passed by the train. The methods of the related analyses – the wavenumber integration for the wave propagation in homogeneous or layered soils, the combined finite-element boundary-element method for the vehicle–track–soil interaction – have already been presented and are the base for the advanced topic of this contribution. This contribution determines excitation force spectra of railway traffic by two completely different methods. The forward analysis starts with vehicle, track and soil irregularities, which are taken from literature and axle-box measurements, calculates the vehicle–track interaction and gets theoretical force spectra as the result. The second method is a backward analysis from the measured ground vibration of railway traffic. A calculated or measured transfer function of the soil is used to determine the excitation force spectrum of the train. A number of measurements of different soils and different trains with different speeds are analysed in that way. Forward and backward analysis yield the same approximate force spectra with values around 1 kN for each axle and third of octave.     

飞行汽车的研究发展与关键技术

飞行汽车作为面向城市空中交通和未来出行的新型交通工具,正日益受到汽车和航空领域的重视,成为汽车和航空技术与产业跨界融合的重要发展趋势。该文介绍了飞行汽车的内涵及城市空中交通(UAM)概念的兴起,阐述了飞行汽车早期梦想的探索历程、面向城市空中交通的研究现状,以及未来将在全新智慧出行交通体系下实现大众化汽车“飞”起来的发展趋势;论述了飞行汽车发展的高功率密度电动推进、高升阻比轻质车体和低空飞行智能驾驶等主要性能瓶颈和关键技术;提出了中国飞行汽车的阶段性发展目标和构建汽车与航空跨界融合技术创新体系,以及重点推动城市空中交通和应急救援等领域示范应用的发展建议。     

城市轨道交通上跨铁路特大桥方案研究

武汉轨道交通7号线北延线工程上跨铁路桥需跨越多股铁路，受天河机场限高等因素影响，主桥设计为（86+2×156+86）m预应力连续梁桥。设计中通过增加梁高、调整预应力钢束布置减少梁体残余徐变变形，采用二次张拉竖向钢绞线预应力体系改善主梁腹板抗裂性能。为减小施工对既有铁路的干扰，采用转体施工方案，转体吨位达15 000 t。邻近铁路的基坑采用隔离桩支护，基坑开挖和桥梁施工各阶段既有铁路路基附加沉降均满足规范要求。     

企业文化在运输企业管理中的功能

本文阐述了企业文化在企业管理中的导向、凝聚、激励、约束和辐射功能,对企业发展具有指导意义。     

Study on the derailment behaviour of a railway wheelset with solid axles in a railway turnout

ABSTRACT

Dynamic wheel–rail interaction in railway turnouts is more complicated than on ordinary track. In order to evaluate the derailment behaviour of railway wheelsets in railway turnouts, this paper presents a study of dynamic wheel–rail interaction during a wheel flange climbs on the turnout rails, by applying the elasticity positioning wheelset model. A numerical model is established based on a coupled finite element method and multi-body dynamics, and applied to study the derailment behaviour of a railway wheelset in both the facing and trailing directions in a railway turnout, as well as dynamic wheel–turnout rail interaction during the wheel flange climbing on the turnout rails. The influence of the wheel–rail attack angle and the friction coefficient on the dynamic derailment behaviour is investigated through the proposed model. The results show that the derailment safety for a wheelset passing the railway turnout in facing direction is significantly lower than that for the trailing direction and the ordinary track. The possibility of derailment for the wheelset passing the railway turnout in facing and trailing directions at positive wheel–rail attack angles will increase with an increase in the attack angles, and the possibility of derailment can be reduced by decreasing the friction coefficient.     

计轴在跨坐式轻轨中的应用方案与实现

以计轴在跨坐式轻轨中的首次运用,提出了室外传感器的检测方法及安装思路.     

预埋滑槽技术在城市轨道交通工程中的应用

预埋滑槽技术是在钢筋混凝土结构上预埋钢质滑槽,用以安装固定机电设备系统的技术。以深圳地铁9号线盾构隧道区间工程为例,介绍了预埋滑槽技术方案,通过模型计算对比分析了管片开槽和不开槽情况下管片的受力情况,并探讨了预埋滑槽技术应用中的关键性问题。城市轨道交通系统中机电设备系统复杂,需要安装固定在钢筋混凝土结构上的设备和管线数量特别多,传统的打膨胀螺栓或钻孔植筋技术对钢筋混凝土结构本身破坏性大,影响结构的安全性和耐久性,因此,在城市轨道交通系统中推广应用预埋滑槽技术有特别重要的意义。     

城市高架桥现浇箱梁涉地铁施工技术

为满足人民对城市规模和服务水平日益增长的需求,中国作为基建大国,城市建设水平和规模不断提高,城市基础建设日益完善。在城市交通建设中,城市公路跨越地铁隧道的情况越来越多,在施工过程中对既有地铁线路的运营具有较大影响。针对城市公路桥梁上部结构,支架现浇箱梁跨越地铁隧道特别保护区,为满足“地铁隧道上方新增荷载不大于20 kPa”的施工技术进行研究。     

基于历史数据的城市轨道交通列车运行扰动影响分析

列车运行过程受到诸多扰动因素的影响,严重时引起列车运行延误,影响乘客出行.为了判别列车运行扰动、评估影响范围和程度,提出了基于城市轨道交通历史数据的分析方法.根据突发事件类扰动及其相关的列车运行、自动售检票等多源数据,分析扰动的产生和影响规律,包括扰动分类、原因和发生规律,以及扰动持续时间、空间范围和客流相对率.典型城...     

基于惯性基准法的轨道高低不平顺影响分析

为研究轨道结构敏感因素对中长波高低不平顺的影响,建立了车辆—轨道耦合模型,基于惯性基准法仿真检测轨道高低不平顺,分析了轨道结构振动及不同扣件刚度、路基支承刚度和轨枕间距对高低不平顺的影响.结果表明:在波长2～6 m范围内,柔性轨道估算不平顺明显大于无质量轨道不平顺;从时域角度分析时,扣件刚度、路基支承刚度和轨枕间距对高...