城市轨道交通板式道床施工技术

通过对广州市轨道交通4号线轨道工程板式道床施工工艺的分析,介绍了板式道床的测量、轨道板调整和ZH砂浆控制等技术.工程严格按照操作程序施工,取得了良好的社会和经济效益,此次施工实践对类似工程提供了一定的借鉴意义.     

城市群核心城市对外交通规划

伴随着城市化进程的加快和区域经济的一体化,以大城市为核心的城市群发展迅猛,必须对核心城市的对外交通进行合理的规划。以成都市为例,对成都市的对外交通需求进行预测,并重点对成渝方向的客运交通方式进行划分,从成渝城市群的角度出发,科学地研究成都市对外交通的发展战略,合理地规划成渝通道的发展。     

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本文从科学技术研究、工程项目论证实践与经济性三方面分析了不同类型磁悬浮技术在不同国家的应用论证状况。首先综述了世界磁悬浮技术的科学研究与技术开发的进展,从应用角度分析了不同类型磁悬浮系统的技术经济特点与当前的技术成熟度;其次,调研了德国、日本、美国、荷兰、英国等国家论证过的部分磁悬浮技术应用项目,分析了这些项目的论证过程、采用的主要技术参数及相关结论,重点剖析了这些磁悬浮技术论证项目没有上马的主要原因。第三,分析了我国城市与城市间交通项目的建设环境及其特点,研究了磁悬浮技术在我国交通领域推广应用的技术经济优势及可能存在的风险。结合中国部分城市对之间的交通通道建设情况,从经济可持续发展、需求增长及其管理等不同角度分析了磁悬浮技术在这些城市对之间应用的可能性,初步测算了采用磁悬浮技术的经济性。最后,结合我国目前磁悬浮技术的研究现状,分析提出了我国研究与发展磁悬浮技术的相关对策建议。     

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应用整数规划研究航运集装箱路径选择问题,并将重箱和空箱统一在一个系统中研究。在本文模型中,以集装箱运输总利润最大化为目标函数,利润是重箱运输利润减去重、空箱运输成本。约束条件考虑到满足空集装箱需求和重集装箱需求、航线运输能力限制及空箱供给数量等。应用LINGO9.0求解模型,并通过数值仿真来证明不同参数影响下的调运策略。本文旨在为船公司提供合理的航运集装箱运输方案,从而降低船公司的集装箱运输成本,实现船公司集装箱运输效益最大化。     

A robust non-Hertzian contact method for wheel–rail normal contact analysis

A modified Kik–Piotrowski (MKP) model is proposed in this paper for an accurate and robust calculation of wheel–rail normal contact problem. The presented method is able to consider the relationship between the elastic deformation of a line and the normal pressure distribution within the contact patch. A novel shape correction method is put forward to correctly describe the elastic deformation of the contact patch. Taking the results estimated by Kalker’s variational method and Kik–Piotrowski method as references, the proposed method is validated by three contact cases, including the assumed standardised non-Hertzian contact and the two-point contact, as well as the contact behaviours based on three actual wheel–rail profiles. The simulation results indicate that, compared with Kik–Piotrowski method, the proposed MKP method achieves better agreement with Kalker’s variational method. Moreover, the MKP method can avoid the abrupt change of wheel–rail normal force due to the sudden transfer of the contact point, which contributes to a better computational stability.     

Urban travel time reliability at different traffic conditions

The decision making of travelers for route choice and departure time choice depends on the expected travel time and its reliability. A common understanding of reliability is that it is related to several statistical properties of the travel time distribution, especially to the standard deviation of the travel time and also to the skewness. For an important corridor in Changsha (P.R. China) the travel time reliability has been evaluated and a linear model is proposed for the relationship between travel time, standard deviation, skewness, and some other traffic characteristics. Statistical analysis is done for both simulation data from a delay distribution model and for real life data from automated number plate recognition (ANPR) cameras. ANPR data give unbiased travel time data, which is more representative than probe vehicles. The relationship between the mean travel time and its standard deviation is verified with an analytical model for travel time distributions as well as with the ANPR travel times. Average travel time and the standard deviation are linearly correlated for single links as well as corridors. Other influence factors are related to skewness and travel time standard deviations, such as vehicle density and degree of saturation. Skewness appears to be less well to explain from traffic characteristics than the standard deviation is.     

A tool to aid redesign of flexible transport services to increase efficiency in rural transport service provision

Rural areas generally have lower and more dispersed demands for travel which cannot sustain conventional public transport services and consequently have a greater number of flexible and demand responsive transport services operating. These services usually operate on a stand-alone basis, are often subsidized and are typically only accessible by certain passenger types or for specific trip purposes. This generally results in uncoordinated and inefficient transport provision overall. The Flexible integrated transport services (FITS) system featured in this paper has been designed to address this problem. FITS can be used as a planning tool to assess potential benefits from relaxing operating constraints (e.g., a service's operating boundaries), which can potentially suggest service redesign. It also includes the capacity to assign subsidy payments on a trip by trip basis to increase cost efficiency whilst meeting a greater proportion of transport needs. The case study in the paper focusses on transport to health in the Aberdeenshire and Morayshire areas of Scotland in the UK. Despite flexible transport operators receiving public funds to meet passenger needs, this is currently being supplemented by public bodies paying large amounts in taxi fares in instances where there is a statutory obligation to provide travel but where no other suitable transport service exists. The results demonstrate the potential substantial savings which could be realized by allowing transport operators to redesign their services by relaxing constraints and by the reassignment of subsidies: resulting in more passenger demands being met and a reduction in public spending on taxi fares.     

一种基于县域城乡客运公交化改造的公交时刻表编制方法

为进一步协调县域城乡客运公交化改造与公交高效化运营之间的关系,合理确定城乡客运公交化改造后的公交时刻表至关重要。以县域城乡客运公交化改造为研究对象,提出了一种适合城乡客运公交化改造的公交时刻表编制方法。通过人工调查法获取客流信息,建立客流处理模型,获得最大断面客流量等信息。在此基础上,运用客流需求法建立数学模型,求得发车时间间隔并优化。最后,通过比较验证获得最终的公交时刻表。以池河至石泉客运班线公交化改造为例,改造后的公交时刻表极大地方便了沿线居民的出行,从而证明该时刻表具有较好的可行性。     

非正规出租车存在下的出租车合理规模研究

现有的出租车合理规模是根据出租车分担率计算得出的,但分担率在调查过程中受抽样比 例、调查方式等因素的影响而存在较大误差,而且现有的出租车规模计算模型均未考虑非正规出 租车分担了部分客运需求的事实,导致规模计算结果普遍偏低。为减少计算偏差,采用全数调查 的方法,并结合出租车计价器的原始数据,直接测定出租车的日均载客人次、运营次数及单次载 客人数等指标,提出在出租车有效行驶里程计算模型中不再考虑出租车分担率指标;基于非正规 出租车客观存在而引入了非正规出租车承运比例指标,建立基于供需平衡的现时出租车合理保有 量计算修正模型。最后通过实证分析验证了修正后的模型是合理和实用的,有利于抑制非正规出 租车非法营运和城市出租车行业的健康发展。     

平安交通评价指标体系构建

为促进平安交通建设,以地方交通运输系统安全管理现状作为评价对象,将反映平安交通 状况的指标划分为否决指标、定性指标和定量指标三大类,构建平安交通评价指标体系,针对指 标特点提出各自的数据来源和评分方法。评价结果综合考虑社会公众满意度、指标数据可靠度以 及指标适用性调整系数。以某省交通运输安全管理现状作为实例对该指标体系加以验证,评价结 果表明由该方法构建的评价指标体系具有一定的科学性和可操作性,得分可反映所在地区交通运 输安全管理工作的综合水平,与经验评价结果基本一致。