梯级电站变动回水区设计最低通航水位确定方法

梯级电站变动回水区受上游电站下泄流量与下游坝前水位双重影响,设计最低通航水位的确定十分复杂。传统的设计最低通航水位保证率主要对流量进行统计,指标不够全面;而且设计最低通航水位计算工况组合的选取具有一定的偶然性,实际设计过程中可操作性不强。提出入库流量与坝前水位组合保证率计算方法,该方法综合考虑了入库流量与坝前水位遭遇组合的概率。利用该方法可合理确定梯级电站变动回水区设计最低通航水位,同时结合电站调度方案,在电站可接受的调度方式下,投入最少的资金对航道进行整治,以达到最优的效果。     

固结黏土地层盾构直接破除排水板关键技术研究

宁波地铁5号线1期下穿高速公路路基时存在68°斜交长40 m的含塑料排水板的固结黏土地层,为研究盾构直接通过可行性、刀具选型、施工参数优化等问题,利用TBM掘进模态综合试验平台,进行了不同类型刀具、不同掘进参数的固结黏土地层排水板破除试验。研究表明： 对于含排水板的固结黏土地层,在合理选择刀具、盾构参数并优化掘进参数情况下,盾构法施工直接破除基本可行,试验为宁波地铁工程建设提供了依据,也可为类似工程设计及施工提供参考。     

压气条件下泥膜进气值测量试验研究

在压气条件下,进气是泥膜透气失效的起始点。为测量并研究泥膜在气压下的进气压力值（进气值）,通过自制的试验装置,在不同压气条件下对3种泥膜进行进气值测量试验。试验结果表明： 1)由闭气排水与固结排水的差值可以辨别泥膜是否进气,得到泥膜进气值; 2)采用泥膜特征孔径D90/2代入推导公式可近似计算泥膜进气值; 3)泥膜在不同压气条件下进气值不同,增压速率越低,泥膜进气值越大; 4)在较快和较慢的增压速率下存在进气值变化趋于稳定的现象,最大进气值为最小值的2倍以上。     

Effects of countdown timers on queue discharge characteristics of through movement at a signalized intersection

This study investigates how countdown timers installed at a signalized intersection affect the queue discharge characteristics of through movement during the green phase. Since the countdown timers display the time remaining (in seconds) until the onset of the green phase, drivers waiting in the queue at the intersection are aware of the upcoming phase change, and are likely to respond quicker. Thus, the countdown timers could reduce the start-up lost time, decrease the saturation headway, and increase the saturation flow rate. This study observed vehicle flow at an intersection in Bangkok for 24 h when the countdown timers were operating, and for another 24 h when the countdown timers were switched off. The signal plans and timings remained unchanged in both cases. Standard statistical t-tests were used to compare the difference in traffic characteristics between the “with timer” and “without timer” cases. It was found that the countdown timers had a significant impact on the start-up lost time, reducing it by 1.00–1.92 s per cycle, or a 17–32% time saving. However, the effects on saturation headway were found to be trivial, which implies that the countdown timers do not have much impact on the saturation flow rate of signalized intersections, especially during the off-peak day period and the late night period. The savings in the start-up lost time from the countdown timers was estimated to be equivalent to an 8–24 vehicles/h increase for each through movement lane at the intersection being studied.     

多方式多类型交通分配模型(MMA)在收费型公路网中的应用研究

在对收费型公路运营模式进行研究的基础上,利用交通规划软件建立了基于广义费用的交通流量分配模型即多方式多类型交通分配模型,通过对模型参数的科学标定和网络的合理设置,得到各类车型在特定网络上的流量分配、路段饱和率以及通行费用,并对此模型的应用效果进行分析,最终为区域高速公路网规划、路段交通量预测提供依据。     

水运对中国经济贡献率测算研究

以经济学中的产业波及理论模型为基础,运用投入产出法对水运行业的感应力系数和影响力系数进行了测算,同时测算并分析了水运业对中国经济、投资、就业的综合贡献率,较为全面地阐述了水运业对中国经济的影响,客观地提出了水运业对中国经济发展的作用和存在的问题。     

S变换在水下目标识别中的应用

研究了基于S变换模时频矩阵相似度的水下目标识别方法。根据测试样本对应的S变换模时频矩阵与标准样本对应的S变换模时频矩阵之间的相似度最大原则对测试样本进行识别。该方法不需要辅助分类器而直接实现目标识别,计算简单快速。仿真实验表明,该方法的识别率较高,且受噪声影响小,适合于水下目标识别。     

岷江上游大型水电站运行对龙溪口下游航道枯水期水位和流量的影响

根据规划,岷江龙溪口—宜宾段将通过航道整治达到内河Ⅲ级航道标准.该河段多年历时保证率95％的流量仅能达到662 m3/s,但是岷江上游紫坪铺、瀑布沟等大型水电站的建成对下游河段通航流量产生了较大影响.根据紫坪铺水电站蓄水前、后高场水文站的径流、泥沙资料,分析紫坪铺等大型水电站建成后对下游河段水沙特性的影响,得知岷江上游...     

取样剪切对管输原油流变性的影响

通过实验及理论分析,系统研究了取样剪切对管输原油流变性的影响,根据鲁宁线运行工况,计算了阀门节流剪切及过泵剪切时剪切率的大小.对于鲁宁线,在同一泵站,出站处阀门节流平均剪切率是过泵平均剪切率的3倍左右.     

Corrosion rate measurements in steel sheet pile walls in a marine environment

Corrosion of steel structures in the marine environment is a major problem. The deterioration of this kind of structures is costly and difficult to predict both when designing new structures and when estimating the remaining service life time for existing structures. The aim of this investigation was to find indicative values for the corrosion rate of steel sheet piles on the Swedish west coast. Such corrosion rates (mm/year) can be used both when designing new structures by oversizing the steel thickness and when estimating the bearing capacity of existing sheet pile structures. Earlier investigations on the corrosion rates along the Swedish east coast – with salinity from about 0.2% to 0.8% – are still used today as guidelines for the corrosion rate of all steel structures in the Swedish maritime environment even though the salinity on the west coast can be as high as 3.0%.Steel sheet pile wharfs located in the port of Halmstad on the Swedish west coast were inspected by ultrasonic measurements. Three wharf structures with a total length of about 700 m were inspected. None of the inspected wharfs had or have had cathodic protection. The thickness measurements of the steel sheet pile structures were performed by divers.The age of the three inspected sheet pile structures ranged from 36 to 51 years. The dimensions of the original sheet pile sections are known. One of the quay structures is located along a river. The salinity at all wharfs varied from low values at the surface to approx. 2% at the bottom (also in the river outflow).The measured average corrosion rates were in the same order as the design values in the European code. However, the results indicate increased corrosion rates about 1 m below the mean water surface and at the level of the propellers from the ships berthing the most frequented of the inspected wharfs, 3–6 m below water surface.The tolerances of steel sheet thicknesses – usually in the order of ±6% – are often neglected when investigating the remaining thickness in steel sheet piles. A simple calculation model shows that the sheet pile must be almost 50 years of age before an accurate estimation on the corrosion rate can be made, considering the tolerances, if the true original sheet pile thickness is not known.