三角形波动载作用下半刚性沥青路面动态响应量三维有限元分析

针对动载条件下半刚性沥青路面结构破坏问题,采用三角形波激励加载,考虑车辆超栽以及车速变化对路面结构动态响应量的影响,利用三维有限元数值法对超载、快速、慢速条件下的路面各结构层动竖向位移和层底动弯拉应力分布规律进行数值分析计算。结果表明,动载条件下,路表所形成的横向弯沉盆影响范围为6．2m,而基层层底沿横向0．35m范围内均承受动拉应力;车速越慢,超载越严重,路表、路基顶面的竖向动位移峰值及动弯拉应力峰值越大,在交通堵塞、长大纵坡的行驶环境中,路面材料的要求更高。     

Establishing and Managing Jurisdiction-wide Traffic Monitoring Systems: North American Experiences

With the rapid motorization process in China, an increasingly complicated highway transportation system has been developed. Reliable national and provincial traffic monitoring systems are becoming necessary. A review of experiences from developed countries in North America can be helpful for highway administrations and agencies to design and implement effective and efficient traffic monitoring systems. Highway agencies in North America have over time developed “standard” traffic monitoring systems based on guidelines from the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO), and the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM). The common practices are adopted based on the analysis of system accuracy, reliability, and cost-effectiveness. The common practices can produce equivalent and comparable traffic summary statistics, which are able to support sensible decision-makings of all aspects of highway transportation. The experiences of highway agencies, current practices, and related guidelines in North America are therefore presented at first. The principles for guiding development and operation of traffic data programs are then summarized and reviewed. The existing problems and active research for traffic monitoring practices and standards are also identified and discussed. It is believed that the reviewed experiences, guidelines, and principles will be helpful for China to establish effective and common-practice based “standard” traffic monitoring systems.     

一种基于车辆跟踪的微观交通参数采集方法

微观交通参数采集是智能交通中的重要技术。本文用基于车辆跟踪的方法提取微观交通参数，首先，利用动态图像处理技术进行车辆跟踪；然后，建立适于交通参数采集的摄像机模型：在此基础上，提出了基于车辆跟踪的车辆位置检测算法，瞬时速度估计算法，并阐述了其它交通参数采集方法，试验表明，这些方法可以有效的提取交通参数，实施方便。     

动载作用下柔性车体结构疲劳寿命的仿真

为准确预测随机动载作用下柔性车体结构的疲劳寿命，将多体动力学仿真和有限元分析相结合，建立了车体多体动力学模型．计算了35个关键部位的载荷历程，并用准静态应力分析法获得了对应的应力影响因子．用模态分析技术获得了车体结构固有频率和模态振型，用子结构技术获得了车体有限元缩减模型．根据危险应力分布、应力时间历程以及Palmgren-Miner损伤理论，利用疲劳分析软件FE-FATIGUE的基于应力的安全强度因子分析法和MATLAB的WAFO技术对柔性车体结构疲劳寿命仿真．仿真结果包括损伤和疲劳寿命预测．     

正面碰撞用HIII 50百分位男性假人颈部标定系统的研究

介绍了汽车正面碰撞过程中所用到的HybridIII50％男性假人及其标定原理,着重介绍其颈部标定试验设备、试验步骤、试验结果及分析,并给出相应问题的解决方案,最终阐明颈部标定的必要性。     

高模量沥青混凝土动态模量及主曲线研究

为了更加系统地掌握高模量沥青混凝土的动态力学特性,该文采用动态单轴压缩试验,对高模量沥青混凝土在不同加载频率、试验温度下的动态模量展开测试,并通过非线性最小二乘法拟合,确定了高模量沥青混凝土的动态模量主曲线,通过主曲线获得任何温度下、试验设备无法测试频率范围内的动态模量,为高模量沥青混凝土路面结构设计提供相应的材料参数。     

车辆动力学仿真中关键元件的建模

为了提高车辆动力学模型中非线性元件数学模型的模拟精度,分析了一、二维干摩擦副、三大件转向架的摩擦楔块和带串联刚度阻尼器的动力学性能,建立了非传统的数学模型,即不含速度状态变量的模型,并设计了对应的Simulink程序,用典型例题与传统模型的性能进行了对比分析。分析结果表明:非传统数学模型能克服强非线性带来的数值计算问题,提高了计算精度和计算效率,一般根据不同模型的规模和非线性元件数,计算速度能提高2~10倍。     

抛石挤淤辅以强夯的软土地基处治技术在沈大高速公路改扩建工程中的应用

本文通过沈大高速公路改扩建工程第二十五合同段K318＋148-K318＋840段施工，总结了强夯置换方法在沈大高速公路软基处理中的施工工艺、质量控制手段和质量检验方法。     

基于路面不平整度的车辆振动响应分析方法

为了分析路面与车辆的相互作用,提出了四自由度1/2车辆模型相对于不平整路面耦合振动分析方法。根据GB/T7031-1986建议的公路路面功率谱密度的拟合表达式,在分析了运行汽车固有振动频率和行驶速度的影响后,获得分布在一定频率范围内的离散功率谱密度数据,利用离散傅立叶逆变换得到路面不平度值,并以此作为1/2车辆垂向动力学模型的输入激励,通过数值仿真得到运行车辆系统在不同路面不平整度下的时域响应。分析结果表明:车辆动荷载系数随车速增大呈线性增加,随路面等级变差呈非线性增大,路面等级是影响车辆动力作用的最显著因素。     

Study of Probe Sample Size Model in Probe Vehicle Technology

In this paper, market penetration of a probe vehicle for real-time traffic data collection is discussed. A new comprehensive probe sample size model that satisfies the need of traffic flow parameter estimation and traffic network coverage is established, in which many factors like location error, probe ‘report’ transmission interval, probe data analysis interval, traffic flow density, link length, and road type are included. Based on this model, this paper proves the relationship between market penetration of the probe vehicle and other indexes, when probe data is used for link average speed estimation based on VISSIM simulation. The simulation result shows that the sample size model can provide effective probe information to accomplish the estimation of link speed.