液罐车液体侧向晃动多质量椭圆规摆模型

为深入研究液罐车整车侧向动力学行为, 探讨了椭圆形(圆形) 截面罐体等效机械液体侧向晃动模型; 基于计算流体动力学(CFD) 软件FLUENT, 评价了椭圆规摆(TP) 模型的预测精度, 分析了充液比、罐体截面椭圆率和激励频率对模型预测精度的影响; 提出了广义多质量TP模型, 通过合理分配液摆各部分质量及其间距来适应罐体截面椭圆率和充液比的变化; 基于Lagrange方法推导了广义多质量TP模型动力学方程, 给出了双质量TP (DMTP) 模型的质量比和质量间距参数的获取方法和拟合表达式, 并采用CFD方法评价了DMTP模型的预测精度。分析结果表明: 由TP模型得到的晃动力矩总体较CFD方法的小, 随着充液比和激励频率的增加, 预测误差变大, 充液比由30%增加到80%时, 峰值晃动力矩预测误差由15%增加到65%左右, 这主要是由于TP模型是在液体小初始倾斜角自由晃动条件下拟合所得, 当充液比和晃动频率较高时, 液摆的摆臂长度和参与晃动的液体质量都小于实际情况; DMTP模型在大部分充液比、罐体截面椭圆率和激励频率条件下都有相对稳定且较高的预测精度, 激励频率分别为0.2、0.3Hz时, DMTP模型的最大晃动力矩预测均方根误差均值和标准差分别比TP模型小54.2%、43.9%和45.1%、31.2%, 预测精度较TP模型有明显提高, 特别是能够较好地弥补TP模型在高充液比时预测误差较大的不足。     

分送式货物配送的优化

在分析分配式货物配送现状基础上,对物流中心的配送问题从配装和运输两个环节进行优化。建模时主要考虑货车的类型、体积、载重等约束条件,以车辆的配送路径最短、拼装货品最多为优化目标,研究配送的优化模型和算法。     

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通过对行人过街的三种情况即自由过街、无控制人行横道过街和信号控制人行横道过街进行研究，分析了不同过街条件下行人与机动车的运行特征。设定行人与机动车到达间距服从负指数分布，给出了不同条件下的机动车延误计算方法。研究结果表明，对行人过街选择合适的过街方式可以有效减少机动车的延误，特别是在行人与机动车交通量比较大时，设置人行横道（包括信号控制与无信号控制）可以大幅度减少机动车的延误。     

车路协同下考虑绿波协调的公交优先控制

在绿波协调控制交叉口群中,为分析公交优先控制对后续交叉口群的扰动,基于车流运行时间偏移分布,以概率期望描述了交叉口各相位绿时左端和右端时长变化引起的后续交叉口群在绿波带内、绿波带间的延误变化;采用组合优化的方法,以交叉口群在车速引导下的公交通行效益优化为上层模型,以交叉口群在公交优先控制下的延误优化为下层模型,对公交引导车速和信号控制参数进行协同优化.通过算例分析表明,公交优先控制模型有效提升了交叉口整体通行效益,最大化减小了对周边交叉口群的不利影响.     

基于GPS与图像融合的智能车辆高精度定位算法

车辆自定位是实现智能车辆环境感知的核心问题之一.全球定位系统(Global Positioning System,GPS)定位误差通常在10 m左右,不能满足智能车辆的定位需求;惯性导航系统成本较高,不适于智能车辆的推广.本文在视觉地图基础上,提出一种基于GPS与图像融合的智能车辆定位算法.该算法以计算当前位置距离视觉地图中最近一个数据采集点的位姿为目标,首先运用GPS信息进行初定位,在视觉地图中选取若干采集点作为初步候选,其次运用Oriented FAST and Rotated BRIEF(ORB)全局特征进行特征匹配,得到一个候选定位结果,最后通过待检测图像中的局部特征点与候选定位结果中的三维局部特征点建立透视n点模型(Perspective-n-Point,Pn P),得到车辆当前的位姿,并以此对候选定位结果进行修正,得到最终定位结果.实验在长为5 km的路段中进行,并在不同天气及不同智能车辆平台测试.经验证,平均定位精度为11.6 cm,最大定位误差为37 cm,同时对不同天气具有较强鲁棒性.该算法满足了智能车定位需求,且大幅降低了高精度定位成本.     

Establishing and Managing Jurisdiction-wide Traffic Monitoring Systems: North American Experiences

With the rapid motorization process in China, an increasingly complicated highway transportation system has been developed. Reliable national and provincial traffic monitoring systems are becoming necessary. A review of experiences from developed countries in North America can be helpful for highway administrations and agencies to design and implement effective and efficient traffic monitoring systems. Highway agencies in North America have over time developed “standard” traffic monitoring systems based on guidelines from the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO), and the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM). The common practices are adopted based on the analysis of system accuracy, reliability, and cost-effectiveness. The common practices can produce equivalent and comparable traffic summary statistics, which are able to support sensible decision-makings of all aspects of highway transportation. The experiences of highway agencies, current practices, and related guidelines in North America are therefore presented at first. The principles for guiding development and operation of traffic data programs are then summarized and reviewed. The existing problems and active research for traffic monitoring practices and standards are also identified and discussed. It is believed that the reviewed experiences, guidelines, and principles will be helpful for China to establish effective and common-practice based “standard” traffic monitoring systems.     

Study of Probe Sample Size Model in Probe Vehicle Technology

In this paper, market penetration of a probe vehicle for real-time traffic data collection is discussed. A new comprehensive probe sample size model that satisfies the need of traffic flow parameter estimation and traffic network coverage is established, in which many factors like location error, probe ‘report’ transmission interval, probe data analysis interval, traffic flow density, link length, and road type are included. Based on this model, this paper proves the relationship between market penetration of the probe vehicle and other indexes, when probe data is used for link average speed estimation based on VISSIM simulation. The simulation result shows that the sample size model can provide effective probe information to accomplish the estimation of link speed.     

挂网喷砼植生施工法

主要介绍路堑边坡防护的一种新兴方法———挂网喷砼植生施工法,阐述喷砼植生法的原理、施工工艺、养护的方法。     

浅谈混凝土路面断板维修的施工

工程质量、施工进度、车辆畅通是维修施工的3个主要问题,在交通量大的公路上更是如此。提高混凝土早期强度、合理布置施工点、加强施工现场安全畅通管理是解决问题的关键。     

车辆动力学仿真中关键元件的建模

为了提高车辆动力学模型中非线性元件数学模型的模拟精度,分析了一、二维干摩擦副、三大件转向架的摩擦楔块和带串联刚度阻尼器的动力学性能,建立了非传统的数学模型,即不含速度状态变量的模型,并设计了对应的Simulink程序,用典型例题与传统模型的性能进行了对比分析。分析结果表明:非传统数学模型能克服强非线性带来的数值计算问题,提高了计算精度和计算效率,一般根据不同模型的规模和非线性元件数,计算速度能提高2~10倍。