基于遗传算法优化的小波神经网络对船舶受扰力及力矩建模预报

首先构造小波神经网络,建立船舶横向和纵向运动模型及其运动受扰力模型,采用小波神经网络对船舶受扰力建模预报,并用遗传算法对其进行优化,对预报结果进行分析比较,给出超前5秒、15秒的船舶运动受扰力与力矩预报结果.     

不同轨道结构减振效果测试分析

在地铁运营期间,通过对采用浮置板、弹性支承块及弹性扣件轨道的轨道结构和隧道壁的振动测试,在时域和频域内,分析了不同地铁轨道结构的减振效果,为今后地铁轨道结构设计选型提供试验依据。     

Automotive structure vibration with component mode synthesis on a multi-level

The recursive component mode synthesis method (RCMS) has been implemented for the finite element analysis model of an automobile structure as an efficient free vibration analysis tool. The RCMS method is intended to obtain a better performance relative to the block Lanczos method, which is a traditional method in the industry of obtaining eigenvalues, while obtaining the acceptable accuracy. A numerical example of the automobile finite element model demonstrates the outstanding performance of RCMS compared to the block Lanczos method.     

大跨度提篮式人行拱桥的振动病害分析与改造

针对柔性桥面系动力性能不佳,在行人步伐荷载作用下振动过大,甚至可能发生人桥共振的问题,对一实例桥梁进行自振特性分析,提出提篮式拱桥的前几阶竖向自振频率主要由拱肋性能决定,竖向高阶频率主要由桥面系性能决定,提高桥面系刚度不能有效错开行人步频和结构竖向自振频率,但能有效地减弱动力响应,提高桥梁的使用性能和安全性。根据此类桥梁的这一动力特性,可以有效地诊断出其振动病害并寻求合理的改造加固措施,通常有增加桥面系刚度或增设耗能减振系统两种方法,后者更有效,也可以将这两种方法结合使用。动力响应分析法能有效地进行人行桥振动病害分析和加固前后动力性能对比分析。     

高频振捣对道路工程混凝土结构物抗冻性影响的研究

为研究高频振捣对混凝土抗冻性的影响,采用先进的硬化混凝土气泡结构测试设备,通过测定硬化混凝土的气泡特征参数随高频振捣时间增加的变化情况,研究了高频振捣对混凝土抗冻性的影响规律。试验结果表明,经适当高频振捣后,虽然混凝土的含气量有较大损失,但其气泡比表面积增大,气泡间隔系数变化不大。随高频振捣时间的增加,硬化混凝土中气泡总数和小气泡数(直径小于120μm)会出现峰值,而后急剧减少。高频振捣的时间控制在合理范围内,有利于改善引气混凝土的气泡结构,不会对其抗冻性产生不利影响。     

Wind pressure distribution and wind-induced dynamic response for spatial groined latticed vaults

The wind pressure distribution and wind-induced vibration responses of long-span spatial groined latticed vaults (SGLVs) were numerically simulated, which always are ones of the most important problems in the structural wind resistance design. Incompressible visco-fluid model was introduced, and the standard k-εtwo equation model and semi-implicit method for pressure linked equation (SIMPLE) were used to describe the flow turbulence. Furthermore, the structural dynamic equation was set up, which is solved by Newmark-β method. And several sort of wind-induced vibration coefficients such as the wind-induced vibration coefficient corresponding to the nodal displacement responses and wind loads were suggested. In the numerical simulation where the SGLV consisting of the cylindrical sectors with different curved surface was chosen as the example,the influence on the relative wind pressure distribution and structural wind-induced vibration responses of the closed or open SGLV caused by such parameters as the number of cylindrical sectors, structural curvature and the ratio of rise to span was investigated. Finally, some useful conclusions on the local wind pressure distribution on the structural surface and the wind-induced vibration coefficients of SGLV were developed.     

基于约束卡尔曼滤波的短时交通流量组合预测模型

为了克服单一的交通流预测模型性能不稳定的问题,提出了基于约束卡尔曼滤波的短时交通流量组合预测模型。约束卡尔曼滤波组合预测模型以各单一预测模型的权重为状态变量,交通流量为观测变量,预测结果是单一预测模型的加权和,加权系数由约束卡尔曼滤波方程递推动态确定,最后通过广深高速公路上采集的交通流量数据对算法进行了验证。结果表明,在不同预测步长情况下,约束卡尔曼滤波组合预测模型要优于最佳的单一预测模型或与其持平,并且不受某一较差的预测模型影响,具有较高的鲁棒性。     

桥梁结构随机振动分析

桥梁结构的随机振动有别于其他结构。由于车辆在桥上的位置是不断变化的,因此,即使作为输入的随机激励是平稳随机过程,车桥的动力响应也超出平稳随机过程的范围,即质量在梁上不断的运动,使系统运动方程组成为一个时变系数的二阶微分方程组,一般只能采用逐步积分的数值方法,也可以用频域法,假定其频率响应函数在瞬间不随时间变化,近似的处理这种时变性问题。     

隧道洞口边坡变形的多阶段递进预测研究

为及时掌握隧道洞口边坡的变形规律,保证隧道进洞过程的安全,采用小波变换剔除变形序列中的误差信息,将原始序列分解为趋势项和误差项序列,并采用PSO-LSSVM模型和ARMA模型分别对趋势项和误差项进行预测,将两者叠加即得到边坡的综合变形预测值,再利用马尔科夫链建立预测误差的修正模型,进一步提高预测精度。对预测模型进行实例分析,结果表明： sym9小波函数、启发式阈值标准、硬阈值选取标准及10层小波分解的去噪效果较优,且通过综合预测,得到边坡变形预测结果的相对误差均值为1.03%,方差值为0.042 6,预测精度和稳定性较高,验证了预测模型的有效性。     

Measurements of car-body lateral vibration induced by high-speed trains negotiating complex terrain sections under strong wind conditions

Assessment of the vibration of high-speed trains negotiating complex sections of terrain under strong wind conditions is very important for research into the operation safety and comfort of passengers on high-speed trains. To assess the vibration of high-speed trains negotiating complex sections of terrain under strong wind conditions, we performed a field measurement when the train passes through typical sections of complex terrain along the Lanzhou–Xinjiang high-speed railway in China. We selected the lateral vibration conditions, including the roll angle and lateral displacement of car-body gravity centre through two typical representative sections (embankment–tunnel–embankment and embankment–rectangular transition–cutting) for analysis. The results show that the severe car-swaying phenomenon occurs when the high-speed train moves through the test section, and the car-body lateral vibration characteristic is related significantly to the state of the terrain and topography along the railway. The main causes for this car-swaying phenomenon may be the transitions between different windproof structures, and the greater the scale of the transition region between different windproof structures or landform changes, the more obvious the car-swaying phenomenon becomes. The lateral vibration of the car-body is relatively steady when the train is running through terrain with minor changes in topography, such as the windbreak installed on the bridge and embankment, but the tail car sways more violently than the head car. When the vehicle runs from the windbreak installed on the embankment into the tunnel (or in the opposite direction), the tail car sways more intensely than the head car, and the head car runs relatively stable in the tunnel.