The dynamic study of locomotives under saturated adhesion

In order to study the dynamic behaviours of locomotives under saturated adhesion, the stability and characteristics of stick–slip vibration are analysed using the concepts of mean and dynamic slip rates. The longitudinal vibration phenomenon of the wheelset when stick–slip occurs is put forward and its formation mechanism is made clear innovatively. The stick–slip vibration is a dynamic process between the stick and the slip states. The decreasing of mean and dynamic slip rates is conducive to its stability, which depends on the W/R adhesion damping. The torsion vibration of the driving system and the longitudinal vibration of the wheelset are coupled through the longitudinal tangential force when the wheelset alternates between the stick and the slip states. The longitudinal oscillation frequencies of the wheelset are integral multiples of the natural frequency of torsion vibration of the driving system. A train dynamic model integrated with an electromechanical and a control system is established to simulate the stick–slip vibration phenomenon under saturated adhesion to verify the theoretical analysis. The results show that increases of the longitudinal axle guidance stiffness and the motor suspension stiffness are beneficial to the stick–slip vibration stability and the locomotive's traction ability. The optimised matching of the longitudinal axle guidance stiffness and the motor suspension stiffness are helpful to avoid longitudinal resonance when the stick–slip vibration occurs.     

Engine mount optimisation for vibration isolation in motorcycles

This paper presents a comprehensive model to capture the in-plane dynamics of a motorcycle system to evaluate the quality of its vibration isolation, and the design of an engine mount system. The model consists of two main structural components, the frame and the swing-arm, as well as the power-train assembly, engine mounts connecting the power-train to the frame, and the front-end assembly. The model accounts for frame and swing-arm flexibility using reduced order finite-element models. The power-train assembly is modelled as a rigid body connected to the frame through the engine mounts and to the swing-arm through a shaft assembly. The engine mounts are modelled as tri-axial spring-damper systems, and the front-end assembly is modelled as a lumped mass. The complete vehicle model is used to solve the engine mount optimisation problem, so as to minimise the total force transmitted to the frame while meeting packaging and other constraints. The mount system parameters – stiffness, position and orientation vectors – are used as design variables for the optimisation problem. The imposed loads include forces and moments due to engine imbalance as well as loads transmitted due to high amplitude, low frequency bump loads, through the tyre patch. Since packaging constraints play a significant role in a motorcycle layout, it is, therefore, important to determine the displacement envelope of the power-train under extreme loading conditions to ensure clearance with other components around the power-train. A motorcycle mount system should ideally be able to isolate the frame under steady-state loading conditions and at the same time limit the maximum excursion of the power-train under transient loading conditions.     

钢管混凝土拱桥在移动车辆荷载作用下的振动分析

以某主跨110m的自锚式钢管混凝土中承桁架拱桥为对象,分析了该桥的自由振动特性和移动车辆荷载作用下主跨桥面系的振动特性。计算结果表明:采用单轴和双轴移动车辆模型计算出的桥面系振动特性差别不大;不同车速的移动车辆荷载引起桥面系的振动响应不同,车速快时,桥面系竖向振动的最大位移减小,竖向振动的最大速度和加速度增加。     

几种常用公路交通噪声预测模式准确性分析

根据成温邛高速公路和成绵高速公路的交通量、车型及车速等监测数据,应用美国联邦公路管理局(FHWA)噪声预测模式、JTG B03-2006推荐噪声预测模式和HJ 2.4-2009推荐噪声预测模式,分别对两条高速公路进行噪声预测,将噪声预测值与实测值进行对比,分析在相同车流量、车型及车速等条件下各预测模式预测值与实测值的差值大小,并分析其原因,得出在高速公路交通噪声预测的准确性上,HJ 2.4-2009预测模式优于FHWA预测模式和JTG B03-2006预测模式。     

沥青路面永久变形设计方程研究

对于半刚性基层、刚性基层、柔性基层、组合式基层的沥青路面典型结构,计算出不同季节时不同深度处沥青混合料的温度和动模量,采用分层总和法计算出路面总永久变形,计算出平均塑性应变点的深度和弹性应变,并在路面总永久变形和季节平均气温、面层厚度、平均塑性应变点的弹性应变以及标准轴载累积作用次数间建立了回归公式,相关系数（R2）均在0.93以上,最后建立了沥青路面永久变形预估方法。结果表明,可以利用本文的方法来代替分层总和法预估沥青路面的永久变形,但前者更简单实用。     

强迫振动法结构模态参数识别

通过激励结构振动的方法,可以采集到结构的强迫振动时程。再对强迫振动时程采用随机减量法提取自由振动信号,并进行ITD识别,即可得到结构的模态参数。对随机减量技术与ITD识别技术的基本原理进行了介绍,并给出了一个实测信号的识别实例。     

基于GM（1，1）模型的高速公路边坡变形预测

基于边坡变形监测信息具有一定的灰色特征,应用灰色系统理论的原理和方法,建立了边坡变形预测等步长与非等步长GM（1,1）预测模型。采用GM（1,1）模型对衡桂高速公路某典型边坡段测斜管监测变形监测数据进行预测,预测结果与实测结果较为一致,表明了本文建立的灰色预测模型具有较好的可行性和适用性。     

采用灰色-马尔可夫耦合模型预测古树屋边坡变形

基于预测拟合值和实际监测值的相对误差划分不同的预测状态,利用马尔可夫链对灰色GM(1,1)预测值进行修正,计算得到边坡变形的范围和相应的预测值。以古树屋开挖边坡为研究对象,利用耦合模型对其变形进行预测,得到边坡的变形预测值为57.006 0 mm,预测的变形范围大小在56.845 8～61.755 4 mm之间。实例分析结果表明:与线性回归模型以及单纯灰色模型预测结果比较,采用灰色-马尔可夫耦合模型对开挖边坡变形进行预测的结果精度较好,且能较准确地预测边坡变形大小的范围。     

四川绵阳安昌河人行景观桥的横向振动与动力设计

随着人行桥跨度的不断增大以及对桥梁美学和城市景观的追求,人行桥的基频不断降低,其振动及带来的行走舒适性问题也相继日益突出。结合一梁拱组合体系的人行景观桥,对人行桥人致振动的理论及动力设计方法进行探讨。     

基于交通流量预测的高速公路收费道口运营策略研究

以宁沪高速公路南京主线收费站数据为样本,使用现代时间序列模型预测收费道口交通流量,提出了基于交通流量预测的收费道口运营策略制定方法,并给出了应用实例。