基于网联数据的电动车快速充电影响因素分析

基于北京市私家电动汽车网联数据，按照充电行为类型提取车辆行程，并对行程中影响快速充电行为的潜在因素进行细致分析；基于Logistic回归模型进行显著性影响因素识别，结果表明，电动汽车续航里程、出行距离、出行时间等因素显著影响电动汽车的快速充电行为；最后，基于显著影响因素建立模型，对私家电动汽车快速充电行为进行预测，预测结果表明，预测模型具有较好的预测效果和可靠度.本文研究成果将有助于优化私家电动汽车的充电行为，提高充电效率.     

地铁小半径曲线对轨道状态及车体振动影响研究

地铁小半径曲线与车体振动、舒适度及轨道状态关系密切,文章通过对广州地铁各曲线进行长期试验研究,分析小半径曲线与轨道状态、车体振动、行车舒适度的关系以及演变规律。研究结果表明,车辆通过小半径曲线时,行车速度越大,车体横向加速度越大,乘客舒适度越差;曲线半径越小,乘客舒适度越差;通过小半径曲线与其他曲线、直线的轨道质量指数(TQI)对比发现,曲线的半径越小,TQI越大,轨道状态、轮轨接触关系越差。最后提出通过小曲线的速度建议。     

Alford力作用下计及叶片振动的转子-轴承系统动力学特性分析

为了分析非线性耦合因素与叶片振动对转子-轴承系统动力学特性影响,文章将叶片模化为悬臂梁结构并利用假设模态法离散简化,建立了阿尔福德(Alford)力作用下计及叶片弯曲振动的系统动力学模型。采用Runge-Kutta法对非线性振动微分方程进行数值求解,通过系统响应的分岔图、时间历程图与频谱图、轴心轨迹图、Poincaré映射图和相图研究了叶片弯曲变形以及Alford力对系统的非线性动力学行为的影响。结果表明:叶片振动使系统的不稳定区域提前,转子发生混沌运动的转速范围增大;叶尖气隙引起的Alford力使系统的运动状态变得更为复杂,油膜非线性更加明显。     

泥浆泵舱顶部甲板减振研究

以某平台泥浆泵舱顶部甲板为研究对象，利用数值计算和振动测试结合的方法对其减振方案进行研究。设置两种泥浆泵运行工况，利用振动分析仪测量甲板上表面8个高振动测点的振动速度。利用有限元方法建立顶部甲板模型，通过模态分析和谐响应分析得到顶部甲板的前五阶固有频率和各测点振动速度-转速曲线。振动响应数值计算结果和测试结果吻合，验证数值模型可靠性。分析发现顶部甲板固有频率远离激励频率，结构振动属于强迫振动，主要由泥浆泵输出管系的管托固定在刚度较弱的顶部甲板纵骨引起。甲板振动速度不符合规范要求，因此提出两种增加刚度的减振措施。通过谐响应分析重新计算测点的振动速度响应，结果满足规范要求。研究结果为船体局部结构设计和减振设计提供参考。     

海洋平台压缩机管系气流脉动分析

在开发海上天然气资源过程中,压缩机管道振动会造成管道结构疲劳破坏、计测仪表失真或损坏等严重的危害,而气流脉动是导致往复式压缩机管系振动的根本原因。对气流脉动产生的原因进行简要分析,并根据转移矩阵法,在得到各管系单元的转移矩阵的基础上,采用MATLAB编程设计压缩机管系气柱固有频率的预报系统,对一段复杂管系的气柱固有频率进行计算,将其与试验值相对比,验证该预报系统的可靠性。采用Bentley PULS XM软件对某海洋平台的部分压缩机管道系统进行压力脉动计算,并将计算结果与规范要求相比较,对其管道系统的不合理的部分进行优化。     

Forecasting journey time distribution with consideration to abnormal traffic conditions

Travel time is an important index for managers to evaluate the performance of transportation systems and an intuitive measure for travelers to choose routes and departure times. An important part of the literature focuses on predicting instantaneous travel time under recurrent traffic conditions to disseminate traffic information. However, accurate travel time prediction is important for assessing the effects of abnormal traffic conditions and helping travelers make reliable travel decisions under such conditions. This study proposes an online travel time prediction model with emphasis on capturing the effects of anomalies. The model divides a path into short links. A Functional Principal Component Analysis (FPCA) framework is adopted to forecast link travel times based on historical data and real-time measurements. Furthermore, a probabilistic nested delay operator is used to calculate path travel time distributions. To ensure that the algorithm is fast enough for online applications, parallel computation architecture is introduced to overcome the computational burden of the FPCA. Finally, a rolling horizon structure is applied to online travel time prediction. Empirical results for Guangzhou Airport Expressway indicate that the proposed method can capture an abrupt change in traffic state and provide a promising and reliable travel time prediction at both the link and path levels. In the case where the original FPCA is modified for parallelization, accuracy and computational effort are evaluated and compared with those of the sequential algorithm. The proposed algorithm is found to require only a piece rather than a large set of traffic incident records.     

Competing risk mixture model and text analysis for sequential incident duration prediction

Predicting the duration of traffic incidents sequentially during the incident clearance period is helpful in deploying efficient measures and minimizing traffic congestion related to such incidents. This study proposes a competing risk mixture hazard-based model to analyze the effect of various factors on traffic incident duration and predict the duration sequentially. First, topic modeling, a text analysis technique, is used to process the textual features of the traffic incident to extract time-dependent topics. Given four specific clearance methods and the uncertainty of these methods when used during traffic incidents, the proposed mixture model uses the multinomial logistic model and parametric hazard-based model to assess the influence of covariates on the probability of clearance methods and on the duration of the incident. Subsequently, the performance of estimated mixture model in sequentially predicting the incident duration is compared with that of the non-mixture model. The prediction results show that the presented mixture model outperforms the non-mixture model.     

Vibration analysis of super-yachts: Validation of the Holden Method and estimation of the structural damping

The hull excitation generated by marine propellers constitutes one of the most significant vibration sources affecting comfort on passenger ships. Consequently, the evaluation of the propeller-generated excitation through reliable numerical tools during the preliminary stage of ship design is fundamental. The Holden Method (HM) is an empirical tool utilized to calculate the propeller-induced pressure distribution on a ship hull. The present paper validates the HM, which is applied to a twin-screw, 54-m super-yacht. Finite Element Analysis (FEA) is used to benchmark the HM numerical predictions against a set of full-scale vibration measures. The outcomes show that the magnitude of the propeller-induced dynamic excitation predicted by the HM is overestimated. Thereafter, the calibrated propeller-induced forces and the diesel engine excitation are applied to the FE model to perform a series of forced vibration analyses and estimate the global structural damping coefficient of the super-yacht. The study highlights the necessity of developing new empirical methodologies, analogous to the HM, to be applied to modern small luxury vessels.     

施工振动对结构性软粘土路堤稳定的影响

研究目的:解决施工振动对结构性软粘土产生破坏的机理,查明施工振动下软粘土路堤失稳原因,为结构性软粘土路堤施工稳定设计验算提供依据。研究方法:基于珠江三角洲结构性软粘土物理力学性状、微结构特征,将冲击碾压施工振动对软粘土结构的破坏作用与强夯冲击振动的破坏作用相比较,同时分析珠三角某软粘土路堤受冲击碾压施工振动后失稳的原因。研究结论:珠江三角洲絮凝结构软粘土的孔隙比大多大于2,灵敏度4~8,属高灵敏性粘土,强度低,内聚力2.36~9.56kPa,内摩擦角1.4°~7.8°;冲击振动软粘土类似于强夯作用,微结构测试参数表明强夯冲击软粘土时增加的孔隙个数是静力堆载的7倍左右;冲击振动下结构性软粘土路堤失稳的原因是重16t、大功率(200kJ)冲击式压路机1d内碾压低路堤10遍,其作用类似于连续的强夯夯击,地基4.7m深度静力触探比贯入阻力值接近于0;建议在结构性软粘土路堤施工稳定设计验算时,对土的抗剪强度参数进行折减或直接采用土的振动强度参数。     

城市轨道交通系统的减振降噪措施

从轨道交通产生振动和噪声的机理出发,介绍了国内外轨道交通在车辆构造、轨道结构、轮轨关系以及桥梁结构等方面采取的减振降噪措施,提出了轨道交通减振降噪综合整治的理念。