The design of a terminal for dangerous goods

This paper aims at examining the possibility of setting up a model terminal for the transportation of dangerous goods. It should be designed in such a manner that its use would be possible for any kind of transportation.

This consideration has been prompted by the interface between transportation planning and technology, as well as by the tendency for harmonizing international recommendations pertaining to the transportation and handling of dangerous goods, especially during the last decades where unified transport has gained ground due to the advantages provided for the safe consignment of dangerous cargoes.

Since the large increase in terminal productivity is due to the heavy investments that were effected in terminal installations and to the modernization of the administration‐management of terminals, a mathematical simulation has been adopted to assist the determination of the capacity of a terminal for dangerous goods.

It is evident that different criteria and various assumptions have been taken into account in order to facilitate a deeper analysis, without ignoring the contribution of dangerous goods to the socio‐economic development.

From the outset of the study, it was already clear that the said process will make it possible to present—as a model—a simple but well defined situation for the purpose of drawing useful conclusions.     

基于USB接口的电力机车能耗记录与分析系统

以C8051F单片机作为中央处理器,采集电参数计量模块和TAX2型机车安全综合监测装置的信息,生成并存储电量消耗记录;通过USB盘转储数据到地面进行处理和分析。系统整体设计具有模块化、准确可靠的特点,对电力机车节能降耗措施提供合理的依据。     

碳平衡法燃油消耗量测试仪的开发

介绍了我国燃油消耗量测量方法标准以及常见的汽车燃油消耗量测量方法,阐述了碳平衡法的基本原理,在CVS(定容取样法)基础上提出开式排气稀释取样系统;针对当前车辆燃油消耗量测量操作不便的问题,根据碳平衡法燃油消耗量测量原理,建立了采用流量计的碳平衡法汽车燃油消耗量测量模型及测量系统;分析研究了燃油密度、氢碳比、排气成分以及整个系统的同步和负荷测试对测量结果的影响,在实车上进行试验验证,与油耗仪实测结果进行了对比。结果表明,该方法具有较高的精度及稳定性,为车辆燃油消耗量的不解体测量提供了理论依据及应用可能性。     

基于磨损元素比例特征的发动机磨损状态诊断

针对不连续采样时的车用发动机磨损故障诊断问题,基于摩擦磨损原理和摩擦副元素之间的相关性,提出了基于比例特征的发动机磨损状态模糊优选诊断方法,建立了发动机磨损变化的比例模型,研究了摩擦副主要磨损元素之间在磨损过程中的比例关系,运用模糊优选理论实现了发动机磨损状态的诊断。通过典型磨损状态的油样光谱分析数据验证了该诊断方法的有效性,解决了车用发动机在不连续采样情况下的磨损故障诊断难题。     

高速公路对自然资源的消耗研究

从土地资源的占用和能源消耗两方面将高速公路与其他运输方式对自然资源的占用情况进行比较,并通过总结和分析我国高速公路的现状,得出高速公路较其他运输方式能更有效地利用自然资源,是资源集约型的交通运输方式。     

基于大数据的乘用车油耗与续驶里程研究

基于全球乘用车整备质量、燃油箱容积和燃油消耗量数据的统计分析,推算出"NEDC工况"下的续驶里程;再通过众测油耗的统计分析,推算出乘用车满油箱燃料的实际续驶里程范围;对乘用车的供油系统设计及电动乘用车的续驶里程对标燃油车提供依据。     

A study of the environmental impacts of intelligent automated vehicle control at intersections via V2V and V2I communications

This article presents a novel intersection traffic management system for automated vehicles and quantifies its impact on fuel consumption and greenhouse gas emissions of CO₂ relative to traditional traffic signal and roundabout intersection control. The developed intelligent traffic management (ITM) techniques, which are based on a spatiotemporal reservation scheme, ensure that vehicles proceed through the intersection without colliding with other vehicles while at the same time reducing the intersection delay and environmental impacts. Specifically, the spatiotemporal reservation scheme provides each vehicle a collision-free path that is decomposed into a speed profile along with navigational instructions. The integration of the developed microscopic traffic simulator with instantaneous emission model, provides improved assessments of the environmental impact of traffic control strategies at intersections. The simulator architecture integrates several ITM algorithms, vehicle sensors, V2V/V2I communications, and emission and fuel consumption models. Each vehicle is modeled by an agent and each agent provides information depending on the specific vehicle sensors. The ITM system is supported by V2V and V2I communications, allowing the exchange of information among vehicles and infrastructure. The data include the estimated vehicle position and speed. Compared with traditional traffic management techniques, the simulation results prove that the proposed ITM system reduces CO₂ emissions significantly. The research also shows that these reductions are more significant when the traffic flow increases.     

城市交通能耗区的识别及等级划分方法研究

随着社会经济的发展，机动车保有量急剧增长，城市化过程中交通拥堵问题日趋严重，交通能源消耗加剧。为了降低由此带来的损失，需要及时探明路网中交通效率低、能耗高的区域，并采取有效的交通管理措施。通过研究交通状态与能耗的关系，进行相应的交通参数分析，建立能耗区识别及等级划分模型，计算得到3个等级能耗区的界定阈值分别为0．411和0．678。     

关于中速柴油机机油消耗率问题的探讨

阐述了中速柴油机机油消耗率的影响因素及针对这些因素可采取的降低机油消耗率的几点措施.     

微表处耐磨性能影响因素试验研究

该文介绍了微表处耐磨性能影响因素试验研究。通过侵水1h湿轮磨耗试验,研究添加不同种类及剂量改性剂的乳化沥青、矿料级配、水泥掺加量等因素对微表处耐磨性能的影响。试验结果表明,在相同油石比的试验条件下:使用SBR胶乳改性乳化沥青的微表处耐磨性能优于使用SBS胶乳改性乳化沥青;随着改性剂剂量的增大,微表处耐磨性能逐渐变好,并趋于稳定;矿料中值级配微表处耐磨性能最好,级配上限与级配下限微表处耐磨性能基本相当;水泥掺加量对微表处耐磨性能有提高,也有降低。