An exploratory investigation of the impact of ramp metering on driver acceleration behavior

Ramp metering has been proven as an effective freeway management strategy; however, the impact of ramp metering on drivers' acceleration behavior has not been fully investigated. A better understanding of acceleration behavior changes with ramp metering is critical to the adequate design of ramp metering facilities. In this study, drivers' speed and acceleration data were collected at two representative metered ramps in Los Angeles, California. The speed and acceleration profiles under meter-on and meter-off scenarios were compared. Statistical results demonstrated that ramp metering affects drivers' acceleration behavior at ramp acceleration lane. It was found that at the metered ramp with short existing acceleration length, the average acceleration rate from ramp meter stop bar to 500 ft downstream under meter-on scenario (4.72 ft./s²) is approximately 40% higher than when meter-off (3.18 ft./s²). The design of acceleration lane length for metered on-ramps should therefore take into account the potential impacts of ramp metering on driver acceleration behavior.     

大跨度钢管桁架无柱雨棚施工技术

重庆江北火车站大跨度钢管桁架无柱式雨棚,高14m,长540m,建筑面积达56230m2。结构工程跨度大,场地条件复杂,施工制约因素多,质量要求高。对主桁架等大型构件首次采用加工厂下料、现场加工制作、现场拼装、整体吊装的方案。详述了主桁架的吊装、焊接等工艺和施工控制措施。通过合理选择施工方案,严格按照工艺要求,合理安排施工程序,保证了工程如期保质保量的完成。     

客车底盘车架焊接结构分析及其精度工艺保证

分析客车底盘车架焊接结构,确定使客车底盘车架中段、前段、后段和行李舱骨架的变形量小的焊接工艺,使得整个底盘车架三段部分的焊接质量、形位精度满足设计和使用要求。     

基于知识积累的软件运行剖面生成方法及黑箱测试技术

软件的黑箱测试是一个面向用户的软件测试方法，当它以运行剖面为基础生成测试案例时，运行剖面的完备性将直接影响其测试结果的可信性，基于知识积累的软件运行剖面生成方法就是试图通过知识的获取和积累使生成的运行剖面日趋完备，从而达到黑箱测试技术在某些特殊的软件测试领域中更具实用和可信。文章讨论了软件 运行剖面的完备性和软件失效类等概念，提出了一种基于知识各界的软件运行剖面生成广阔圾黑箱测试技术，这种技术现已     

上海轨道交通一号线102号列车C1车体顶盖结构设计

介绍上海轨道交通一号线102号列车C1车体顶盖结构的设计原理、顶盖各结构件的组成,并阐述大断面铝型材在车体顶盖中的应用,以及标准化、模块化的先进设计理念在顶盖设计中的应用。     

A shockwave profile model for traffic flow on congested urban arterials

In this paper a new traffic flow model for congested arterial networks, named shockwave profile model (SPM), is presented. Taking advantage of the fact that traffic states within a congested link can be simplified as free-flow, saturated, and jammed conditions, SPM simulates traffic dynamics by analytically deriving the trajectories of four major shockwaves: queuing, discharge, departure, and compression waves. Unlike conventional macroscopic models, in which space is often discretized into small cells for numerical solutions, SPM treats each homogeneous road segment with constant capacity as a section; and the queuing dynamics within each section are described by tracing the shockwave fronts. SPM is particularly suitable for simulating traffic flow on congested signalized arterials especially with queue spillover problems, where the steady-state periodic pattern of queue build-up and dissipation process may break down. Depending on when and where spillover occurs along a signalized arterial, a large number of queuing patterns may be possible. Therefore it becomes difficult to apply the conventional approach directly to track shockwave fronts. To overcome this difficulty, a novel approach is proposed as part of the SPM, in which queue spillover is treated as either extending a red phase or creating new smaller cycles, so that the analytical solutions for tracing the shockwave fronts can be easily applied. Since only the essential features of arterial traffic flow, i.e., queue build-up and dissipation, are considered, SPM significantly reduces the computational load and improves the numerical efficiency. We further validated SPM using real-world traffic signal data collected from a major arterial in the Twin Cities. The results clearly demonstrate the effectiveness and accuracy of the model. We expect that in the future this model can be applied in a number of real-time applications such as arterial performance prediction and signal optimization.     

改善轮轨接触状态的车轮型面几何设计方法

改进了车轮型面设计方法,给出了设计方法的解析数学表达式,将轮对等效锥度与轮轨型面接触状态联系起来,对设计实例进行了轮轨几何接触、非赫兹滚动接触和车辆动力学性能分析.研究结果表明:轮轨接触点能够均匀分散分布;由于接触斑面积增大约23%,最大接触压力降低约21%,使轮轨滚动接触应力降低了约20%;装备实例型面的车辆临界速度...     

H型钢接触网支柱在风荷载作用下的疲劳性能分析

H型钢接触网支柱在高速铁路中得到广泛使用,直接影响铁路接触网系统安全。长期处于风荷载作用下,H型钢接触网支柱存在疲劳问题。通过建立数值计算模型,应用热点应力的表面外推法,对H型钢接触网支柱柱脚焊缝在风荷载作用下的疲劳性能进行分析。以兰新高铁H型钢接触网支柱为例,依据热点应力-寿命曲线,计算支柱焊缝的疲劳寿命。分析结果表明:其他条件不变的情况下,改变型钢规格和柱高,热点位置不发生变化;随着支柱高度增加,疲劳寿命降低21%左右;随着型钢截面的增大,疲劳寿命增加23%左右。     

Cost and User Profile of a Coastal Ocean Observing System

Fundamental to sustaining the financial support of a coastal ocean observing system is an intimate knowledge of users and their decision-making processes in order to maximize the worth of ocean observations to them. This article explores the evolving mission of GoMOOS (the Gulf of Maine Ocean Observing System), its costs of providing near real-time observations and observing products, possible methods to assess the benefits of an ocean observing system, and a method for indexing the importance—and thus, potentially, the economic value—that users attach to these observations and products.     

Reasonable compensation coefficient of maximum gradient in long railway tunnels

This paper deals with the theory and calculation methods for compensation of the gradient in railway tunnels through theoretical analysis,numerical calculation,and statistic regression methods.On the basis of the principle that the resultant force is zero,the formula of the maximum calculated gradient was derived for the freight and passenger line and high-speed passenger special line.The formula of aerodynamic drag in tunnel is provided using the domestic and foreign relevant experimental investigations,an...