基于FPGA的里程轮信号优选算法设计

文中通过对里程信号产生机理进行分析,提出了一种基于FPGA架构的里程优选算法,给出了实现算法的硬件架构图,并设计相应硬件电路和模拟实验。结果表明:该算法可以对3个里程轮脉冲信号进行优选采集,当里程轮处于超速或者停转状态时也能输出正确的脉冲信号。     

Vehicle electrification in a developing country: Status and issue,from a well-to-wheel perspective

The increase of public attention, scientific research and political interest in environmental problems associated with transportation has provided the motivation for re-invention of electric vehicles. However the usage of grid-dependent EVs with a high-carbon electricity grid might produce more damage to the environment. This study aims to provide an environmental impact comparison of ICEVs, HEVs and EVs during their usage cycle, by modeling their energy consumption (electricity or fuel) and the supply chains of the supplied energy, (well-to-wheel) based on a life cycle assessment. The results show that running EVs with the existing mixed sources of electrical energy produce larger impacts on the environment 60% of the time; when compared to HEVs. When compared to ICEVs, EVs produce a larger environmental impact on 7 out of 15 environmental impact categories. Overall the environmental impacts of EVs are substantial based on the well-to-wheel analysis. It will continue to be so if no change is made to the methods of electricity generation in the near future. Given that the environmental profile of EVs is linked with the existing national electricity generation mix, the national electricity supply must be made cleaner before the electrification of the urban transport system.     

aPLI冲击器动态标定方法研究

随着国内汽车安全领域的不断发展,汽车行人保护的概念逐渐被消费者了解,并受到了越来越多的关注,一种新型的aPLI冲击器开始参与试验评估.该冲击器与现有柔性腿型冲击器有较大区别,标定方法及评价区间也有不同之处,更高精确度的标定能够更好的反应冲击器的真实状况,但是国内使用该冲击器的经验不够丰富,本文通过拆解介绍了aPLI冲击...     

基于MATLAB/Simulink的车辆转向稳定性的仿真研究

汽车的操纵稳定性是衡量汽车安全性最基本的指标之一,影响汽车行驶稳定性的基本因素主要有横摆角速度与质心侧偏角,将汽车简化为二自由度模型,建立关于横摆角速度与质心侧偏角的转向微分方程.基于MATLAB/Simulink软件建立仿真模型,对前轮转向与四轮转向典型的二自由度汽车模型进行仿真分析.对比两轮转向和四轮转向的稳定性....     

近十年来中国超大直径盾构施工经验

随着国内城市基础建设的快速发展,在采用盾构法建设隧道面临直径更大、埋深更大、距离更长以及地质条件更加复杂的情况下,中国已经应用不同的超大直径盾构完成了各类项目,文章结合工程案例对盾构设备、隧道内部结构施工、盾构始发和到达施工工艺、近距离穿越建(构)筑物等对国内超大直径盾构的应用进行了介绍,并探讨了相关施工技术经验。     

小直径盾构施工中管片纵向应力监测研究

为了探索小直径盾构法隧道在施工过程中管片纵向应力的变化规律,对北京槐房再生水厂污水隧道管片纵向应力进行了现场监测:将第976环、第1 054环管片分别设为第1和第2监测断面,2监测断面各预埋5个纵向应力计,各监测断面从本监测断面管片安装后即开始监测,当盾构掘进至第1 129环时停止监测。研究表明:1)在管片离开盾尾50环后,其纵向应力波动值小于管片拼装期间应力值的5%。2)在盾构掘进期间,管片距离盾构越远,其纵向压应力值越小。3)在管片拼装期间,管片距离盾构越远,其纵向压应力经历了先增大后减小的过程。4)管片距离盾构108环后,该管片纵向压应力趋近于0.2~0.3 MPa。5)随着盾构推进,管片纵向应力经历了4个阶段的变化过程,即周期性剧烈波动阶段—动态稳定阶段—逐渐衰减阶段—趋于稳定阶段。     

双塔双索面稀索斜拉桥加固设计

以南阁大桥的主桥斜拉桥加固为工程背景,基于将挂梁与主跨相邻35m工字梁作为整体来计算桥梁结构损伤程度校验系数的研究现状,考虑将挂梁作为单独受力的简支梁置于两侧斜拉桥框架上来计算校验系数,并据此校验系数判定桥梁的损伤程度,对旧桥进行加固设计。     

Field measurements of the evolution of wheel wear and vehicle dynamics for high-speed trains

This investigation demonstrates the wheel wear evolution and related vehicle dynamics of high-speed trains with an operating distance (OD) of around two million kilometres. A long-term experimental test lasting two years was conducted to record the wheel profiles and structural vibrations of various trainsets. The wheel wear, namely the profile shape, worn distribution and wheelset conicity, is investigated for several continuous reprofiling cycles. Typical results are illustrated for the stability analysis, and the ride quality is examined with increasing OD. In addition, the vibration transition characteristics between suspensions are investigated in both the time and frequency domains. The experiments show that the dominant wear concentrates on the nominal rolling radius, and the wear rate increases with OD because of the surface softening resulting from the loss of wheel material. The vibration of structural components is aggravated by the increase of the equivalent conicity of the wheelset, which rises approximately linearly with the wheel wear and OD. High-frequency vibrations arise in the bogie and car body related to the track arrangement and wheel out-of-roundness, causing the ride comfort to worsen significantly. Additionally, the system vibration characteristics are strongly dependent on the atmospheric temperature. Summaries and conclusions are obtained regarding the wheel wear and related vehicle dynamics of high-speed trains over long operating times and distances.     

清华园盾构隧道复杂互层地层下的掘进参数研究

为探明北京地区大直径泥水平衡盾构在复杂互层地层下的掘进参数变化情况,依托北京地区目前最大直径泥水平衡盾构工程清华园隧道,使用数理统计的方法针对盾构由粉质黏土掘进至卵石土、砂、粉质黏土互层地层时盾构掘进参数的变化规律及波动情况进行研究。研究结果表明： 泥水平衡盾构在粉质黏土区域掘进时,盾构刀盘转矩及盾构推力波动情况不明显;泥水平衡盾构在复杂互层地质条件下掘进时,盾构刀盘转矩及盾构推力分别增长46.43%和46.03%,同时盾构刀盘转矩的波动情况较粉质黏土区域有所增长,而盾构推力的波动情况与粉质黏土区域类似。     

基于Mindlin位移解的超大群桩基础沉降计算

针对18根和64根超长大直径群桩基础,采用Mindlin位移解,假定桩端阻力为集中力和桩侧摩擦阻力呈向下线性增加分布形式后,推导出沉降计算公式.在苏通长江公路大桥主桥索塔群桩基础离心试验的模型地基条件下,按照变形比法来确定压缩土层的计算深度,对这两类超长大直径群桩进行沉降量计算.研究结果表明,与离心模型试验沉降值相比,两类群桩理论计算沉降值均偏低,18根群桩基础沉降理论计算值偏低16.8%,而64根群桩基础偏低39.9%.可见,用基于Mindlin位移解对超长大直径群桩基础进行沉降计算时,理论值偏低,同时也表明群桩效应对桩数较多的群桩沉降计算影响较大.