The association between transit access and auto ownership: evidence from Guangzhou,China

In many developing countries, massive investment in transit infrastructure is concurrent with the proliferation of automobiles. Planners expect that investment can slow the growth of auto ownership. However, few studies have examined the relationships between transit access and auto ownership in developing countries, whereas research in developed countries offers mixed findings and the outcomes may not be applicable to developing countries. This study employs a random effect ordered probit model on data collected from Guangzhou residents in 2011–2012. We find that transit access is negatively associated with auto ownership, after controlling for demographics and other built environment variables. This result suggests that, although income is the dominant driver for auto ownership in growing developing countries, transit investment is a promising strategy to slow the growth of auto ownership. This study also highlights the importance of addressing spatial dependency in clustered data.     

Numerical analysis of the dynamic interaction between wheel set and turnout crossing using the explicit finite element method

A three-dimensional (3-D) explicit dynamic finite element (FE) model is developed to simulate the impact of the wheel on the crossing nose. The model consists of a wheel set moving over the turnout crossing. Realistic wheel, wing rail and crossing geometries have been used in the model. Using this model the dynamic responses of the system such as the contact forces between the wheel and the crossing, crossing nose displacements and accelerations, stresses in rail material as well as in sleepers and ballast can be obtained. Detailed analysis of the wheel set and crossing interaction using the local contact stress state in the rail is possible as well, which provides a good basis for prediction of the long-term behaviour of the crossing (fatigue analysis). In order to tune and validate the FE model field measurements conducted on several turnouts in the railway network in the Netherlands are used here. The parametric study including variations of the crossing nose geometries performed here demonstrates the capabilities of the developed model. The results of the validation and parametric study are presented and discussed.     

Influence of wheel and rail profile shape on the initiation of rolling contact fatigue cracks at high axle loads

The influence of wheel and rail profile shape features on the initiation of rolling contact fatigue (RCF) cracks is evaluated based on the results of multi-body vehicle dynamics simulations. The damage index and surface fatigue index are used as two damage parameters to assess the influence of the different features. The damage parameters showed good agreement to one another and to in-field observations. The wheel and rail profile shape features showed a correlation to the predicted RCF damage. The RCF damage proved to be most sensitive to the position of hollow wear and thus bogie tracking. RCF initiation and crack growth can be reduced by eliminating unwanted shape features through maintenance and design and by improving bogie tracking.     

高压共轨喷油器压力波动与针阀响应解耦分析

多次喷射过程中,不同喷射之间的相互影响导致循环喷油量的控制难度增大。建立了高压共轨系统的AMESim仿真模型,通过数值仿真和试验测试相结合的方法,揭示了喷油器内部压力波动和针阀开启阶段动作响应的强耦合作用是导致主喷油量随喷射间隔波动的根本原因,当主喷油量基准值为60．0 mm3时,其波动量最大可达3．6 mm3。建立了共轨系统的无阻尼 L C液力系统模型,通过对模型的分析,针对强耦合作用提出了减小喷油器内部油道长径比和盛油槽容积的解耦方法。对解耦方法的仿真试验验证表明,采用解耦方法后压力波动和针阀响应的耦合程度降低53％。     

浅析造船合同下的船舶设计问题

船舶作为一种特殊的商品,交易过程复杂,技术规范要求高,合同生效开始,船厂开始自己或委托设计公司根据船舶技术规格书设计船舶,送交船级社及有关政府当局和船东审查。建造合同是设计的依据,船厂在履行合同的过程中要明确设计的责任和权利,从源头上把设计风险降到最低。文章从管理和实际应用角度,阐述了造船合同下船舶设计中应该注意的要点,在此基础上提出提高船舶设计管理水平的建议及对策。     

浅析Caterpillar公司HEUI共轨燃油喷射系统

随着越来越严格的排放法规的出台和微电子技术的迅猛发展,柴油机的电子控制技术也取得了长足的进步。尤其是高压共轨燃油喷射系统以其精确的控制、可靠的性能、具有故障自诊断功能和通用性较强等优点得到了广泛的应用。本文以卡特彼勒（Caterpillar）公司的HEUI系统为例进行阐述。     

黄海BOB系列客车轮罩总成的改进

BOB系列客车是黄海公司为满足2008年北京奥运会需求精心设计的中高档城市客车。本文以黄海DD6129S06低地板城市客车为例,详细叙述其轮罩结构的改进。     

钢轨侧面磨耗因子

木文基于轮轨滑动和钢轨侧磨机理,推导出了钢轨一次磨耗量同轮轨横向力、冲角等的关系式, 给出了各种情况下建议采用的磨耗因子,引用了有关试验结果验证了部分理论推导。      

键图模拟在轮轨动力学研究中的应用

本文应用键图法模拟机车车辆的动态特性。文中建立了轮轨蠕滑力、自由轮对和两轴车的健图模型,并给出了部分数值计算的结果。从初次将键图法引入车辆动力学的经验来看,健图模拟具有简明、快速和便于研究参数等优点。值得加以推广应用。