Dynamic response of the train–track–bridge system subjected to derailment impacts

Derailments on bridges, although not frequent, when occurs due to a complex dynamic interaction of the train–track–bridge structural system, are very severe. Furthermore, the forced vibration induced by the post-derailment impacts can toss out the derailed wagons from the bridge deck with severe consequences to the traffic underneath and the safety of the occupants of the wagons. This paper presents a study of the train–track–bridge interaction during a heavy freight train crossing a concrete box girder bridge from a normal operation to a derailed state. A numerical model that considers the bridge vibration, train–track interaction and the train post-derailment behaviour is formulated based on a coupled finite-element – multi-body dynamics (FE-MBD) theory. The model is applied to predict the post-derailment behaviour of a freight train composed of one locomotive and several wagons, as well as the dynamic response of a straight single-span simply supported bridge containing ballast track subjected to derailment impacts. For this purpose, a typical derailment scenario of a heavy freight train passing over a severe track geometry defect is introduced. The dynamic derailment behaviour of the heavy freight train and the dynamic responses of the rail bridge are illustrated through numerical examples. The results exhibit the potential for tossing out of the derailed trains from the unstable increase in the yaw angle signature and a lower rate of increase of the bridge deck bending moment compared to the increase in the static axle load of the derailed wheelset.     

基于Kriging代理模型的高速列车悬挂参数的区间优化

针对高速列车悬挂设计参数难以选定的问题,提出一种基于Kriging代理模型的高速列车悬挂参数区间优化的方法.采用拉丁超立方试验设计方法确定仿真数据样本得到动力学仿真数据,利用偏最小二乘方法确定影响脱轨系数的主要悬挂参数,进而建立基于设计参数与仿真数据Kriging代理模型,以此模型实现悬挂参数区间优化.最后以CRH某型动车组悬挂参数为例进行了验证性优化分析,结果表明该方法正确可行.     

厦深铁路榕江特大桥列车运行稳定性试验研究

厦深铁路榕江特大桥为孔跨布置（110＋2×220＋110）m的钢桁梁柔性拱桥,桥面系为正交异性钢桥面系、有砟轨道,采用剪力法测试货物列车在桥上、路基、钢轨伸缩器3种不同位置的轮轨力,对货物列车运行稳定性指标进行计算分析和评判,验证了该桥梁运营的安全性;分析货物列车运行稳定性指标与速度的关系,揭示了轮对横向力、列车脱轨系数和轮重减载率的最大值随着车速的提高而增大的现象;对相同速度下货物列车通过不同轨道基础的运行稳定性指标进行比较,提出应特别重视钢轨伸缩调节器位置轨道结构的日常管养的建议;结合联调联试测试结果,对比分析货物列车和动车通过各测试工点的稳定性,结果表明动车组运行稳定性优于货物列车;试验也验证了本文设计的轮轨力标定加力架设计合理、使用方便。     

Analysis of train derailment after hitting the pier of tongling yangtze river bridge combined road with railwayEI北大核心

Research purposes: Precise prediction for mechanical behavior of the bridge under ship collision force is important to assess the analysis of train derailment after hitting the pier. This paper focuses on the Tongling Yangtze River Bridge Combined Road with Railway for ship collision simulation, uses the nonlinear finite element software of ANSYS/LS-DYNA to simulate the ship's bow section of 10000 t and 5000 t class hitting bridge tower column at front and axle to 20° of side in highest navigable water level, conventional navigable water level and the minimum navigable water level. Curves of collision force-period at different working conditions are summarized. On this basis, when the impact load affects as input loads, the displacement and acceleration response can be used by finite element analysis under the collision and study the dynamic response of the bridge caused by a train derailment risk. Research conclusions: (1) The impact force of the bridge is largest when a laden ship is hitting the pier at the highest navigable water level. In the most unfavorable condition, the collision have lardge impact on bridge structure and derailment risk of trains. (2) The transverse acceleration of the girder on the top of 2# pier can reach to 0.922 m/s2, but it does not exceed acceleration excitation limit (1 m/s2) when 3# piers are hitted by the 10000 t ship at the peak load of collision, so the probability of train derailment is minimal. (3) Based on the probability formula of the derailment by simplifying risk criteria, the derailment probability of train is 9×10-5~1.5×10-4 during the ship-bridge collision. (4) The research results can provide the reference for train traffic safety on railway bridge caused by ship collisions.     

侧向撞击作用下U形梁抗倾覆稳定性与失效模式

在对国内外相关规范关于桥梁抗倾覆稳定性计算方法与脱轨荷载调查分析的基础上,计算了U形梁在保持抗倾覆稳定性下的最大侧向碰撞荷载,对比了欧洲规范EN 1991-1-7:2006和TB 10002—2017《铁路桥涵设计规范》中U形梁的抗倾覆稳定性计算式。基于有限元分析方法对腹板侧向承载力进行仿真分析,明确了U形梁在侧向撞击作用下的失效模式。研究结果表明:2种规范计算得到的最大侧向碰撞荷载有所差异,但均大于3.5 MN;列车脱轨情况下的脱轨荷载模式和作用位置对U形梁抗倾覆稳定性的影响显著;U形梁跨中区域加载侧的底板和腹板在侧向位移加载模式下发生了大面积塑性损伤,腹板还发生了明显的侧向变形;U形梁在侧向撞击作用下的失效模式表现为腹板侧向承载力达到极限而发生破坏,通过拟静力分析确定U形梁腹板侧向极限承载力为1.5 MN,结构整体不会倾覆失稳。在设计和使用阶段应对U形梁腹板的损伤和承载力评估予以重点关注。     

关于X6A型集装箱平车脱轨原因含析及对策

通过对X6A、型集装箱平车技术结构特点、发生典型脱轨事故案例以及运用检修过程中发生的典型故障进行了分析,探讨了导致脱轨事故的原因,并提出了相应的改进建议.     

HX_D3B型机车动力学试验问题的分析及解决方案

针对HXD3B型机车动力学试验中出现脱轨系数和轮轴横向力超标的问题进行判断与分析,认为与二系钢簧挠度过小有关,导致机车在试验中机车动力学性能对车钩力较为敏感;通过动力学计算分析,提出了机车自稳钩力评价的办法,通过改进弹簧设计解决出现的问题。     

列车-轨道(桥梁)系统横向振动稳定性分析

论证列车脱轨力学机理是列车-轨道(桥梁)系统横向振动丧失稳定。基于系统运动稳定性能量增量分析方法,提出列车-轨道(桥梁)系统横向振动稳定性分析的能量增量判别准则:当列车-轨道(桥梁)系统横向振动极限抗力做功增量大于系统横向振动最大输入能量增量时,横向振动状态稳定;反之,系统横向振动状态不稳定;二者相等时,横向振动状态处于失稳临界状态。基于上述准则,提出系统横向振动失稳临界车速与容许极限车速分析方法,并结合实例证明方法的可行性。采用上述方法得到高速铁路板式无砟轨道列车失稳临界车速为607.5km/h,容许极限车速为486km/h,证明我国高速铁路运行安全度较高。     

客运专线某钢管混凝土提篮拱桥列车走行性分析

针对武广客运专线胡家湾大桥,提出单箱三室箱形系梁的钢管混凝土拱桥空间振动分析模型,建立了高速列车-桥梁系统振动方程。运用列车脱轨能量随机分析理论,计算了胡家湾大桥上列车走行安全性。提出桥梁抗脱轨安全系数的计算式,并计算了该桥的抗脱轨安全系数。在列车不会脱轨的条件下,计算了该桥上列车走行舒适性。计算结果表明:ICE列车以不超过300 km/h车速通过该桥时,列车不会脱轨;桥梁抗脱轨安全系数很大,具有很高的抗脱轨安全度;在列车正常运行时,舒适性指标达到了良好以上等级。研究成果可为该桥设计提供理论依据。     

根据车轮抬升量评判车辆脱轨的方法与准则

分析比较了目前国际上常用的车辆脱轨评价标准的特点及其不足，指出我国现行国家标准GB5599-85评判车辆脱轨所存在的突出问题，在此基础上提出直接根据车轮抬升量评判脱轨的原理与方法，运用车辆-轨道耦合动力学理论，对单轮对爬轨脱轨和跳轨脱轨过程进行了计算仿真，得出脱轨系数超限时间与车轮抬升量之间的关系，提出最大允许超限时间为35ms的安全准则，并进行了实际线路工况下整车轮轨相互作用脱轨仿真验证，最后提出针对我国车辆脱轨评判的建议标准及其实施细则。