Effect of curved track support failure on vehicle derailment

In order to investigate the effect of curved track support failure on railway vehicle derailment, a coupled vehicle–track dynamic model is put forward. In the model, the vehicle and the structure under rails are, respectively, modelled as a multi-body system, and the rail is modelled with a Timoshenko beam rested on the discrete sleepers. The lateral, vertical, and torsional deformations of the beam are taken into account. The model also considers the effect of the discrete support by sleepers on the coupling dynamics of the vehicle and track. The sleepers are assumed to move backward at a constant speed to simulate the vehicle running along the track at the same speed. In the calculation of the coupled vehicle and track dynamics, the normal forces of the wheels/rails are calculated using the Hertzian contact theory and their creep forces are determined with the nonlinear creep theory by Shen et al [Z.Y. Shen, J.K. Hedrick, and J.A. Elkins, A comparison of alternative creep-force models for rail vehicle dynamic analysis, Proceedings of the 8th IAVSD Symposium, Cambridge, MA, 1984, pp. 591–605]. The motion equations of the vehicle/track are solved by means of an explicit integration method. The failure of the components of the curved track is simulated by changing the track stiffness and damping along the track. The cases where zero to six supports of the curved rails fail are considered. The transient derailment coefficients are calculated. They are, respectively, the ratio of the wheel/rail lateral force to the vertical force and the wheel load reduction. The contact points of the wheels/rails are in detail analysed and used to evaluate the risk of the vehicle derailment. Also, the present work investigates the effect of friction coefficient, axle load and vehicle speed on the derailments under the condition of track failure. The numerical results obtained indicate that the failure of track supports has a great influence on the whole vehicle running safety.     

On a New Method for Evaluation of Wheel Climb Derailment

In the paper, a new derailment index λ for evaluation of wheel climb derailment is proposed which is based on primary suspension forces. It is easy to apply because of its minimum criterion characteristic and can also be applied to explain the reason why wheel climb derailments are almost always accompanied by some wheel unloadings.     

抗侧滚扭杆安装方式对城轨车辆曲线通过性能影响

采用动力学软件Simpack建立了某型地铁车辆的整车模型,通过比较抗侧滚扭杆的不同安装方式,主要分析了其对车辆进出缓和曲线时轮重减载率和脱轨系数的影响.得出结论:根据UIC505-5规范,在满足车体的抗侧滚性能指标下,抗测滚扭杆采用弹性安装方式,可以改善进出缓和曲线时轮重减载率和脱轨系数,提高车辆曲线通过的安全性指标.     

高速铁道车辆蛇行脱轨安全性评判方法研究

通过建立轮轨三维几何接触模型、整车动力学分析模型和轮轨碰撞模型,分析高速铁道车辆蛇行失稳后的蛇行脱轨过程及其影响因素.高速铁道车辆的蛇行脱轨过程是一个爬轨和跳轨并存的复杂过程,轮对的名义冲角和有效冲角分别对准静态的爬轨和动态的跳轨起着重要影响作用;随着轮对横移速度的增大、轮轨摩擦系数以及车轮垂向载荷的减小,车轮的跳轨高度越大;横向蠕滑力在整个蠕滑力中所占比例以及轮对横向运动能量越大,车辆越容易脱轨.因此高速铁道车辆的蛇行脱轨安全性应根据轮对横移速度限值并考虑车辆的横向运行稳定性进行评判.当高速铁道车辆分别表现为“超临界”和“亚临界”的蛇行失稳极限环分岔形式时,可分别采用转向架横向加速度移动均方根值方法和转向架横向加速度限值对其横向运行稳定性进行评判.     

Three-dimensional derailment analysis of a crashed city tram

City tram collisions are simulated using multi-body dynamics. The aim of this paper is to investigate the collision-induced derailment. Simulation results demonstrate that the corner obstacle collision scenario defined in EN 15227 is mainly focused on the energy absorption process. Due to the large impact angle (45°), it is unlikely for a city tram to comply with this scenario without derailment. In order to avoid derailment, the maximum impact angle between city tram and oblique obstacle should be reduced to 25°. Moreover, some influence factors are analysed, such as mass of loaded passengers, friction coefficient, impact angle, etc. Derailment phenomenon is shown to be significantly dependent on these parameters. Two measures are proposed to prevent the collided city tram from derailment. One is using secondary lateral dampers to absorb collision energy. Another is increasing the lateral stiffness of secondary springs as well as the lateral clearance, so that more collision energy can be stored in the suspension. With these measures, the safety against derailment can be improved.     

曲线上车辆脱轨和钢轨磨耗的原因

通过对曲线区段列车安全通过和降低轮对轮缘与钢轨磨耗问题的研究,提出将外轨超高降低和把钢轨润滑从外轨改为内轨顶面两点措施,从而减轻了轮缘与轨头的侧向磨耗,提高了车辆运行的安全性。     

碰撞脱轨事故下高速列车横向限位装置动力学特性及结构强度研究

基于试验和仿真分析对横向限位装置在列车碰撞事故下的动力学响应特性以及结构强度进行研究.仿真与试验结果表明:横向限位装置结构可靠且能够对列车碰撞脱轨事故进行防治.建立动力学仿真模型对横向限位装置的工作模式进行分析,在碰撞引起脱轨的过程中横向限位装置可以有效地分担轮轨横向力并制止车轮的爬轨趋势.通过有限元分析对该装置的结构...