第三轨供电系统中受流器与第三轨的接触压力及其对受流性能的影响分析

介绍了第三轨受流器的结构原理。分析比较了弹簧式和气压式受流器与第三轨接触压力调节方式的特点。基于电接触基本理论详细的阐述了受流滑板与第三轨接触区的导电机理。接触区域的导电电路由无数微小的电阻及电容并联而成,接触压力通过影响微小电阻、电容的数量比例,进而影响接触面上的导电能力和磨损性能。标称静态接触压力的设计值接近或等于"法向压应力临界值"时,导电能力和磨损特性取得均衡。     

基于NFFD 算法的船体几何变形技术

本文以非均匀有理B样条基函数作为参数体属性,并结合非均匀控制点网格,建立了适用于船体几何的NFFD变形技术。重点阐述了NFFD方法的基本原理和变形规则,并以矩阵表示方法为基础构建了数学模型。研究了控制点数量和分布对变形结果的影响,增加了控制点变形几何的能力并获得了更大的设计空间。最后,以某CNG运输船为例完成了球鼻艏、船艏和船艉部分几何的自动变形。本文的工作为船型优化提供了良好的变形工具。     

铁路路基动态变形模量的数值模拟分析

介绍铁路路基动态变形模量理论计算公式的推导及动态变形模量的测试原理,采用有限元软件模拟动态变形模量的测试过程,分析承载板与土体接触压力、路基动态变形模量的影响因素,并计算动态变形模量的有效测试深度.结果表明:在承载板中心一定范围内,接触压力模拟结果较理论计算值大;土体的动弹性模量对接触压力影响很小,可以忽略;路基动态变形模量测试冲击荷载作用下,土体只发生弹性变形;动态变形模量与土体动弹性模量呈线性关系,路基动态变形模量的模拟结果大于理论计算值;土体的泊松比对动态变形模量影响较小;动态变形模量有效测试深度建议取0.5~0.6 m.     

悬挂式单轨平面圆曲线乘客舒适度控制标准取值研究

乘客舒适度标准是确定线路平纵断面设计参数最为重要的控制指标,也是必须满足的强制性指标。为合理平衡乘客舒适度与工程建设成本之间的跷跷板关系,通过系统总结国内外各种现有制式取值标准,就悬挂式单轨乘客舒适度控制标准取值开展理论分析研究,并提出相应建议。与平面圆曲线半径相关的乘客舒适度指标为车体偏转角及未被平衡离心加速度,随着偏转角和未被平衡离心加速度数值的增加,其对最小圆曲线半径的影响逐渐减弱,恶化舒适度条件并不完全等同于工程效益的减小。悬挂式单轨最大偏转角理论上可突破传统轮轨铁路7.7°的限制,但增大偏转角对限界造成的影响不可忽略。人体可忍受的振动持续作用时间与未被平衡离心加速度大小成反比,将加速度控制在0.4～0.8 m/s~2是合理的。     

The Kalker book of tables for non-Hertzian contact of wheel and rail

A new regularisation of non-elliptical contact patches has been introduced, which enables building the look-up table called by us the Kalker book of tables for non-Hertzian contact (KBTNH), which is a fast creep force generator that can be used by multibody dynamics system simulation programs. The non-elliptical contact patch is regularised by a simple double-elliptical contact region (SDEC). The SDEC region is especially suitable for regularisation of contact patches obtained with approximate non-Hertzian methods for solving the normal contact problem of wheel and rail. The new regularisation is suitable for wheels and rails with any profiles, including worn profiles.

The paper describes the new procedure of regularisation of the non-elliptical contact patch, the structure of the Kalker book of tables, and parameterisation of the independent variables of the tables and creep forces.

A moderate volume Kalker book of tables for SDEC region suitable for simulation of modern running gears has been computed in co-simulation of Matlab and program CONTACT.

To access the creep forces of the Kalker book of tables, the linear interpolation has been applied.

The creep forces obtained from KBTNH have been compared to those obtained by program CONTACT and FASTSIM algorithm. FASTSIM has been applied on both the contact ellipse and the SDEC contact patch. The comparison shows that KBTNH is in good agreement with CONTACT for a wide range of creepage condition and shapes of the contact patch, whereas the use of FASTSIM on the elliptical patch and SDEC may lead to significant deviations from the reference CONTACT solutions.

The computational cost of calling creep forces from KBTNH has been estimated by comparing CPU time of FASTSIM and KBTNH. The KBTNH is 7.8–51 times faster than FASTSIM working on 36–256 discretisation elements, respectively.

In the example of application, the KBTNH has been applied for curving simulations and results compared with those obtained with the creep force generator employing the elliptical regularisation. The results significantly differ, especially in predicted creepages, because the elliptical regularisation neglects generation of the longitudinal creep force by spin creepage.     

基于响应面和遗传算法的柴油机瞬态过程喷油参数优化

基于台架试验数据,利用响应面法建立了某工程机械用柴油机瞬态过程喷油参数与性能的近似高精度模型,基于此模型采用遗传算法对瞬态过程喷油参数分别进行离线优化研究。结果表明:采用单目标优化确定的燃油消耗率(BSFC)、NO_x比排放量和颗粒质量(PM)比排放量的优化极限分别可达180.23g/(kW·h),8.92g/(kW·h)和0.011 8g/(kW·h),相对原机可降低多达4.5%,34.0%和37.3%。双目标优化的Pareto解集表明,相比于同时优化BSFC和NO_x比排放量,BSFC和PM比排放量更容易同时得到优化。采用权重因子适应度函数的三目标优化结果对应的BSFC,NO_x比排放量及PM比排放量分别为184.70g/(kW·h),12.62g/(kW·h)和0.012 2g/(kW·h),较原机分别降低2.1%,6.6%和35.3%。改进优化模型后,性能优化Pareto解集对应的BSFC和PM比排放量水平都非常接近其优化极限,但NO_x比排放量相对其优化极限仍然较高。     

Power network parameter estimation method based on data mining technology

The parameter values which actually change with the circumstances, weather and load level etc.produce great effect to the result of state estimation. A new parameter estimation method based on data mining technology was proposed. The clustering method was used to classify the historical data in supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) database as several types. The data processing technology was impliedto treat the isolated point, missing data and yawp data in samples for classified groups. The measurement data which belong to each classification were introduced to the linear regression equation in order to gain the regression coefficient and actual parameters by the least square method. A practical system demonstrates the high correctness, reliability and strong practicability of the proposed method.     

基于VDI2230-2003标准的动车组车钩联接螺栓强度分析

使用ANSYS软件对某车钩安装座及其联接螺栓进行接触非线性静强度计算,在此基础上基于德国《VDI2230-2003螺栓强度校核标准》对螺栓进行强度评估,并和传统《机械设计手册》计算的结果进行比较,得出两种方法的计算值均满足强度要求,同时前者计算的轴向拉应力水平为后者计算的应力水平的72%,但剪切应力两者相同.     

船用柴油机SCR催化器载体结构参数仿真优化

利用AVL_BOOST软件建立了某船用柴油机SCR催化器仿真模型,通过响应面优化法和BBD试验设计法开展仿真试验,得到以NO_X转化率为目标函数,压降和NH_3滑移量为约束条件的回归方程。通过回归方程对SCR催化器载体结构参数进行优化,优化结果为:横截面积为0.069m~2,长度0.833m,载体孔密度为22/cm~2,涂层厚度0.01mm,载体壁厚0.15mm。     

船舶焊接常见裂纹分析及控制

船体结构焊接过程中,会出现各种不同的焊接缺陷,焊接裂纹则是最危险的一种缺陷。从船厂生产实际出发,分析船舶建造的过程中容易产生焊接裂纹的部位以及裂纹类型,对产生裂纹的原因进行“把脉分析”,进行一系列的会诊;并结合具体的案例及现场试验结果,找到真正的“病因”所在;独辟蹊径,对容易忽略的影响因素进行深入研究。结合具体的生产条件,提出切合实际、经济有效的方法,来提高焊接质量和产品结构的可靠性。