车桥系统气动特性的节段模型风洞试验研究

侧向风作用下的车桥耦合振动分析需要考虑相互气动影响的车辆和桥梁各自的气动参数。为考虑车辆和桥梁的相互气动影响,在常规桥梁节段模型三分力测试装置的基础上研制了一种三分力分离装置———交叉滑槽系统。该系统利用环形滑槽和直线滑槽交叉点位置的变化来调整车辆和桥梁间的相对几何关系,并能实现车桥系统的同轴转动,从而方便地进行不同攻角情况下气动力的测试。利用交叉滑槽系统通过节段模型风洞试验对车桥系统的气动特性进行了多工况对比研究,讨论了车桥系统的雷诺数效应,分析了车桥间的相互气动作用,比较了车辆在桥上位置的影响。试验结果表明,基于交叉滑槽系统的节段模型风洞试验测试是可行的;车桥间的相互气动作用对车辆和桥梁的气动力有较明显的影响。     

表面损伤斜拉索雷诺数临界区气动力与流场分析

斜拉索由于具有自身质量轻、结构刚度差、结构阻尼小和自身长细比大的特点，极容易发生风（雨）致振动，对桥梁结构的安全性能产生很大的影响，而斜拉索作为斜拉桥的重要受力构件，准确掌握其风荷载对于桥梁抗风设计具有重要意义，特别是斜拉索在生产、运输和安装过程中表面可能受到损伤，该斜拉索在临界雷诺数区的气动力特性和流场特性更是值得研究的问题。针对此种状况，通过同步测力风洞试验，对表面无损伤斜拉索模型和表面损伤斜拉索模型在不同风攻角下的升力系数进行时程分析，得到边界层转捩的3个区域；将升力系数时程进行快速傅里叶变换计算得到升力时程频谱图，并通过频谱图分析随机信号的频域特征；对比从雷诺数亚临界、临界到超临界区表面无损伤和表面损伤斜拉索的流场变化，并从周围流场变化的角度分析雷诺数临界区斜拉索气动稳定性及可能的机理。研究结果表明：表面无损伤和表面损伤模型的升力系数随雷诺数的变化规律基本一致，二者的升力时程在TrBL0向TrBL1阶段和TrBL1向TrBL2阶段过渡过程中会出现双稳态现象，损伤会影响斜拉索尾流区旋涡脱落的情况，进而对不同雷诺数下的Strouhal数值变化产生一定的影响。     

基于网格量化和区间均值的动态目标识别

动态目标识别中，当摄像机和目标之间相对距离变化时，对于同一目标的多尺度序列图像。虽然目标区域图像大小和清晰度不同，但整体结构分布具有相似性和一致性。根据这一特点，提出基于目标区域网格量化的方法。在目标区域上形成采样网格，通过相对量化提取结构特征矩阵。对于同一目标序列图像中的每一个目标区域，其结构特征矩阵基本不变。结构特征矩阵反映象素分布的自相关性质。进一步，对由干扰引起的灰度值结构分布误差，采用网格区间均值的方法加以解决。目标区域网格量化是对相邻采样点的差值进行量化匹配。区间均值是对少数相邻采样点的进一步匹配。实例表明，本文的方法运算速度快、可靠性高，达到了实用目的。     

A parameterized consideration set model for airport choice: an application to the San Francisco Bay Area

Airport choice is an important air travel-related decision in multiple airport regions. This paper proposes the use of a probabilistic choice set multinomial logit (PCMNL) model for airport choice that generalizes the multinomial logit model used in all earlier airport choice studies. The paper discusses the properties of the PCMNL model, and applies it to examine airport choice of business travelers residing in the San Francisco Bay Area. Substantive policy implications of the results are discussed. Overall, the results indicate that it is important to analyze the choice (consideration) set formation of travelers. Failure to recognize consideration effects of air travelers can lead to biased model parameters, misleading evaluation of the effects of policy action, and a diminished data fit.     

横向风与列车风联合作用下车桥系统绕流分析

采用3维定常不可压缩雷诺平均N-S方程,结合RNGk-ε湍流模型,利用多重参考系法,对横向风作用下ICE高速列车在日本屋代南桥上运行的绕流进行分析。结果表明:列车风对流场的影响主要表现在对列车表面附近、桥面、挡风墙间的局部流场的影响;列车运行时对头部、尾部附近的空气有排挤、拖曳作用;列车尾部靠迎风侧有一个很强的旋涡;列车风对列车中部附近流场的影响很小,对列车的阻力、横向力、升力、摇头力矩影响较大;列车风的作用使整个列车产生一种向上提升和沿横风向摇头的作用,列车风对列车附近区域桥梁的气动力有明显影响。     

粉喷桩处理滨湖水网地区软基技术应用

详细阐述了水泥粉喷桩用来处理滨湖水网地区软土基地设计方案以及施工控制工艺,并结合工程实例进行了相关试验,分析了粉喷桩强度影响的有关因素,得出了有关粉喷桩处理软基的结论.对类似工程有一定参考作用.     

Hydrographic cruises off northwest Africa: the Canary Current and the Cape Ghir region

We present hydrographic data for several sections located along the African coastline and off Cape Ghir, carried out at times of weak surface winds (October 1995 and September 1997). The main sections are near the continental slope, at mean distances between 100 and 150 km from the coastline. North of Cape Ghir (31°N) the geostrophic transport (referenced to 650 m) of North Atlantic Central Water through these sections is 3.7 and 2.0 Sv for 1995 and 1997, respectively. This confirms that a major fraction of the water transport by the Canary Current flows east, into the continental slope off northwest Africa, at latitudes above Cape Ghir. Most of this flow continues south past Cape Ghir, along the coast and probably through the eastern passages of the Canary Archipelago. A significant fraction, however, may escape through surface Ekman transport (0.3–0.5 Sv during the early fall season) and by offshore flow at Cape Ghir (1.1 Sv in September 1997, referenced to 650 m). Despite the weak winds the Cape Ghir filament was clearly visible, characterized by localized coastal upwelling associated to a cyclonic shallow structure and cold (and fresh) waters stretching offshore as a very shallow feature (50–100 m deep). The satellite images show that the surface temperature field is highly variable, in rapid response to the surface winds, always with a core region of relatively cold water and commonly with one or two associated eddies. Our results support the existence of two recirculation cells in the area: a horizontal one that connects the interior eastern boundary currents with the coastal region and a vertical one related to both wind-induced and filament upwelling. The data also show a salinity subsurface maximum at the root of the filament, linked to water inflow from northern latitudes, and a subsurface anticyclonic eddy over the Agadir canyon, likely related to the poleward slope undercurrent.     

构建铁路工程造价管理体系的思考

0引言随着我国铁路跨越式发展的深入推进,以客运专线为主要内容的大规模铁路建设全面展开,新的形势和任务给铁路工程造价管理提出了更高的要求,客观上要求广大铁路工程造价从业人员不断更新理念、不断探索创新,以适应铁路建设改革和发展的需要。做好铁路工程造价管理是保障大规     

青藏铁路多年冻土区桩基施工应用技术

1引言青藏高原多年冻土区桩基施工改变地基的热平衡条件,使桩基地温场发生变化,引起桩周地基土层范围升温及融化。为解决这一难题,必须采用相应的工程措施避免出现这些问题。此文结合唐古拉山越岭地段多年冻土区桩基施工经验论述多年冻土区桩基施工技术。2多年冻土区钻孔灌注桩     

双馈电机变速恒频风力发电技术概述

文中简要介绍了双馈电机变速恒频风力发电系统的基本结构和运行原理,对双馈电机变速恒频风力发电技术进行了概述,其中包括交流励磁电路拓扑、控制策略、并网控制,展望了双馈电机变速恒频风力发电技术的发展趋势.