Estimation of value of travel time reliability

In mode choice decision, travelers consider not only travel time but also reliability of its modes. In this paper, reliability was expressed in terms of standard deviation and maximum delay that were measured based on triangular distribution. In order to estimate value of time and value of reliability, the Multinomial and Nested Logit models were used. The analysis results revealed that reliability is an important factor affecting mode choice decisions. Elasticity is used to estimate the impacts of the different policies and system improvements for water transportation mode. Among these policies, decision maker can assess and select the best alternative by doing the benefit and cost analysis based on a new market share, the value of time, and the value of reliability. Finally, a set of promising policies and system improvement of the water transportation were proposed.     

铁道车辆涂层抗石击性能试验方法

随着动车组运行速度的提高,车体表面涂层受石击损坏情况加重.根据高速铁路的特点,分析环境影响因素,比较汽车行业的主流石击试验方法标准.经过研究和试验比对,提出适用于铁道车辆涂层的抗石击性能试验方法.     

探析我国铁路货车焊缝性能评定标准的应用与拓展

介绍我国铁路货车现行的焊缝性能评定标准的执行情况,对比分析焊缝性能评定、焊缝缺陷质量等级和图样标注等方面与新的国家标准的差异,在建议尽快贯彻新的国家标准的同时,结合我国铁路货车设计制造的实际情况,提出可拓展的内容和举措。     

Regulatory reform and freight mode choice

Reform of trucking Vehicle Weights and Dimensions (VWD) regulations in Canada is now underway. The effect these reforms will have on the freight transportation industry are only recently the subject of research. This paper is part of this new research effort, aimed at understanding how regulatory reform in the trucking sector will affect the existing competitive relationship between trucks and the railways. The paper presents the results of study and research into modelling the relationship between mode choice and the service characteristics that are affected by VWD reform.Using several periods of data, a series of econometric models are developed which help to elucidate the relative relationships between the mode service characteristics for both of the principal interprovincial freight modes. A technique is developed and presented to model railway user costs in order to overcome the complex and often unrepresentable pricing activities of Canadian railways.The strength of the developed econometric models is presented, including their significance and statistical reliability. This is further reinforced by the similarities exhibited by all the models in the series. The selected model is applied to predict market service responses required of the railway industry in order to compete with the trucking sector now adapting to the new regulations.The impact of the newly implemented vehicle weight and dimension reform on the rail transportation industry is analyzed and railway industry improvements aimed at maintaining its market share are presented. The results predicted by the model show that railway user cost reductions should be moderate, and likely less than the level of inflation over the period of time when trucking converts its fleet to take advantage of the new regulations.Abbreviations AASHTO American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials - CCMTA Canadian Conference of Motor Transport Administrators - EPI End products, inedible commodity classification - GVW Gross Vehicle Weight - NA 1988 VWD National Agreement - RTAC Roads and Transportation Association of Canada - VWD Vehicle Weight(s) and Dimension(s) - WA 1988 VWD Western Agreement     

轿车覆盖件拉延动态仿真及成形性分析

结合丰田轿车前围板拉延成形过程的数值模拟，探索了轿车覆盖件拉延成型数值模拟的一般过程。利用ETA／DYNAFORM软件对前围板进行了拉延过程的模拟，针对压边力、凸凹模圆角、拉深筋设置及坯料形状进行了优化设计，消除了拉裂及起皱现象，提出了模拟过程中应注意的问题及解决方法。     

轿车制造主要跨国公司的对华战略暨我国轿车制造业的应对策略研究

分析、研究表明，轿车制造主要跨国公司已大举直接进境投资建厂，规避我国汽车产业政策的相关规定，促使或参与我国内资轿车产业的兼并及重组是跨国公司对华战略的主要行为方式。通过具体案例分析，结合我国轿车制造业的实况及未来市场的发展趋势，提出我国轿车制造业应该以重视创立自主品牌、培育在国际合作化前提下的自主开发能力；以B级车的开发为自主品牌创立的切入点；建立自主品牌产品的制造基地为应对策略。     

轿车总布置设计中人机工程应用的初步探讨

简单介绍了确定轿车总布置尺寸的主要原则，指出所有考虑因素的确定都必须以人为根本，以满足人机工程要求为原则。讨论了人机工程尺寸与乘坐舒适性、安全性、操纵性、上下轻便性之间的关系，最后通过简单的实例对优化总布置尺寸的过程作了初步介绍，并探讨了今后的发展方向。     

轿车车身结构动力学分析

利用有限元分析的方法对轿车车身骨架结构进行了动力学分析，通过对改变车身结构情况分析计算，研究了车身结构与其固有频率和振动的关系，结果表明：对于管式骨架式轿车车身，可改变钢管外径来解决共振问题。钢管外径和壁厚对其振型改变很小。进行局部加强也可改变整个车身结构的频率，而且对减小局部大变形有较好的效果。     

CO2轿车空调降温性能试验研究

介绍了国内第一台配置CO2空调系统的桑塔纳轿车在环境模拟实验室和道路行驶时空调效果的测试结果,该制冷系统采用铜管铝片式换热器,其尺寸与原HFC134 a系统基本一致,压缩机采用斜盘活塞式,节流机构采用手动控制开度的电子膨胀阀。试验表明此空调器基本能满足降温的需要,但零部件的性能需要改善。     

论中国轿车市场上买主的分类与特征

中国轿车市场上有三类买主。第一类为公务车买主是国家,第二类为私务车买主,第三类为私人生活车买主。