新冠肺炎交通防控政策对长沙市人口流动的影响

为探究新冠肺炎疫情下交通防控政策对长沙市人口流动的影响，本文根据长沙市在新冠 肺炎疫情期间颁布的交通防控政策和疫情实时防控情况划分防控阶段，基于百度迁徙大数据，利 用双重差分模型，识别长沙市不同阶段的交通防控政策以及量化防控效果，分析交通防控政策对 长沙市人口流动的影响。结果显示，长沙市在交通管制阶段，平均人口迁出强度、平均人口迁入 强度及城市内部出行强度分别下降了83.68%、69.24%及59.74%，有效地控制了人口流动，降低了 疫情扩散危险。在交通恢复阶段，长沙市人口流动强度逐渐反弹，城市内部出行强度基本恢复到 2019年同期水平。本文研究结果显示了交通管制对疫情扩散限制的有效性，为常态化疫情防控 下精准防控政策和复工复产政策制定提供参考。     

Air traffic assignment to reduce population noise exposure using activity-based approach

Aircraft noise has been regarded as one of the major environmental issues related to air transport. Many airports have introduced a variety of measures to reduce its impact. Several air traffic assignment strategies have been proposed in order to allocate noise more wisely. Even though each decision regarding the assignment of aircraft to routes should consider population exposure to noise, none of the air traffic assignment strategies has addressed daily migrations of population and number of people exposed to noise. The aim of this research is to develop a mathematical model and a heuristic algorithm that could assign aircraft to departure and arrival routes so that number of people exposed to noise is as low as possible, taking into account temporal and spatial variations in population in an airport’s vicinity. The approach was demonstrated on Belgrade airport to show the benefits of the proposed model. Numerical example showed that population exposure to noise could be reduced significantly by applying the proposed air traffic assignment model. As a consequence of the proposed air traffic assignment, overall fuel consumption increased by less than 1%.     

贵重湿精矿的一次承运实践

以一次承运湿精铜矿和精镍矿的实践,介绍了承运贵重湿精矿时船方为确保安全和防止货损应做的一些工作。     

城市处理生活垃圾法规弊端分析及其改进措施

文章通过对西安市规制生活垃圾法律规章的认识以及对处理垃圾现状的调查，由小及大地分析了在各地法律规章中普遍存在的弊端，大胆提出了未来法律规章应当遵循的立法原则以及应当建立的法律制度。并且希望垃圾分装、统一收购、奖惩并举和调动个人与社会力量参与处理生活垃圾的主张能对未来立法有所裨益。     

Forecasting travel behavior using Markov Chains-based approaches

Recent advances in agent-based micro-simulation modeling have further highlighted the importance of a thorough full synthetic population procedure for guaranteeing the correct characterization of real-world populations and underlying travel demands. In this regard, we propose an integrated approach including Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) simulation and profiling-based methods to capture the behavioral complexity and the great heterogeneity of agents of the true population through representative micro-samples. The population synthesis method is capable of building the joint distribution of a given population with its corresponding marginal distributions using either full or partial conditional probabilities or both of them simultaneously. In particular, the estimation of socio-demographic or transport-related variables and the characterization of daily activity-travel patterns are included within the framework. The fully probabilistic structure based on Markov Chains characterizing this framework makes it innovative compared to standard activity-based models. Moreover, data stemming from the 2010 Belgian Household Daily Travel Survey (BELDAM) are used to calibrate the modeling framework. We illustrate that this framework effectively captures the behavioral heterogeneity of travelers. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the proposed framework is adequately adapted to meeting the demand for large-scale micro-simulation scenarios of transportation and urban systems.     

移居高原罹患矽肺矿工20年心血管X线改变的动态观测

选择移居2500m高原63名矽肺矿工，连续20年摄后前位胸片，按居住年限分组，自身对照，观察矽肺与肺动脉高压的演变过程．分析矽肺X线心血管4项指标的改变。结果表明：动态观察矽肺X线及心血管各指标的改变，对预测高原人体矽肺的发生，评定矽肺的发展程度，观察疗效和对矽肺愈后判定有着非常重要的临床应用价值。     

基于系统工程的春运摩托车返乡潮现象的交通事故机理分析

春运摩托车返乡潮是我国近几年出现的独特新现象,其交通事故频发的状况引起了社会的高度关注。针对此问题,采用交通系统工程的分析方法,构建了摩托车交通安全系统的基本要素及其相互关系模型图,以有关的文献报道和调查资料为基础,从人、车、路、环境和管理等方面归纳分析了恶劣天气型、疲劳行车型、黑夜行车型、路况不熟型、路况不良型及骑车技能不佳型等6种类型摩托车交通事故的机理。最后分别给公路管理部门、交警部门及政府提出了对策建议。     

TST超前地质预报技术在贵州岩溶地区的应用

为探索岩溶地区有效的超前预报技术方案,结合岩溶区的地震波场特征,尝试使用基于散射和反射混合模型的TST隧道超前预报技术进行地质超前预报。主要研究成果如下:1)基本查明斗磨隧道进口平导和大独山隧道1#横洞掌子面前方150m预报范围内的地质情况;2)探明隧道掌子面前方岩溶裂隙、溶洞的分布范围、规模以及发育情况;3)预报的结果与实际情况基本一致,为提前采取支护措施提供准确的地质依据。     

基于人口迁徙大数据的城市对外交通客运方式优势出行距离研究

为提高我国城市对外交通中客运多方式协同运行效率，优化客运资源配置，依托人口迁徙大数据，建立量化分析城市对外交通客运方式优势出行距离的方法. 提出用绝对优势出行距离和相对优势出行距离来表征优势出行距离，分别构建城市对外客运方式的绝对优势出行距离模型和相对优势出行距离模型；利用人口迁徙大数据，绘制基于出行距离的客运方式分担率曲线，对优势出行距离模型进行求解. 结果表明，我国城市对外交通中公路、铁路、航空客运方式的绝对优势出行距离分别为[8, 119] km、[119, 1 594] km和[1 594, 3 000] km，相对优势距离分别为[8, 463] km、[318, 983] km和[2 477, 3 000] km.     

Young people and the private car: A love-hate relationship

Urban mobility is one of the main concerns of the public authorities in developed countries. In France, household travel surveys are conducted every ten years in major cities to gather weekday mobility data. They enable decision-makers to better understand travel patterns, their change and their determinants, in order to adapt transport infrastructures to the population′s needs. While the automobile has allowed the level of mobility to increase since 1950, an unexpected finding has emerged from recent surveys in most developed countries, namely that there has been a marked decline in car use. Analyses show that this trend is mainly because young adults (18–34 years old) are less likely to acquire a driver′s license. This paper tries to better understand the decrease in the rate of driver′s license holding among young adults in the Lyon conurbation and to quantify the impact of the main explanatory factors in a temporal perspective. It also aims to analyze the consequences of this trend on private car use as a driver for daily trips. It quantifies the influence of economic, socio-demographic and spatial factors on driver ′ s license holding and car use by considering the responses to the last three household travels surveys conducted in the Lyon conurbation area (1995, 2006 and 2015). The temporal dimension allows us to highlight a change in the relationship between young adults and the private car in the French context.