转臂轴箱定位节点位置对机车动力学性能影响分析

利用SIMPACK建立某出口2B0机车动力学模型,分析了转臂轴箱定位节点的纵向位置对机车动力学性能的影响.研究表明节点纵向位置对机车横向稳定性有较显著影响,而对机车直线和曲线通过性能影响不大.得出了在动力学模型中,需要把转臂作为一个单独元件考虑,以减小计算误差的结论.     

Neighborhood services,trip purpose,and tour-based travel

Communities are increasingly looking to land use planning strategies to reduce drive-alone travel. Many planning efforts aim to develop neighborhoods with higher levels of accessibility that will allow residents to shop closer to home and drive fewer miles. To better understand how accessible land use patterns relate to household travel behavior, this paper is divided into three sections. The first section describes the typical range of services available in areas with high neighborhood accessibility. It explains how trip-based travel analysis is limited because it does not consider the linked (chained) nature of most travel. The second section describes a framework that provides a more behavioral understanding of household travel. This framework highlights travel tours, the sequence of trips that begin and end at home, as the basic unit of analysis. The paper offers a typology of travel tours to account for different travel purposes; by doing so, this typology helps understand tours relative to the range of services typically offered in accessible neighborhoods. The final section empirically analyzes relationships between tour type and neighborhood access using detailed travel data from the Central Puget Sound region (Seattle, Washington). Households living in areas with higher levels of neighborhood access are found to complete more tours and make fewer stops per tour. They make more simple tours (out and back) for work and maintenance (personal, appointment, and shopping) trip purposes but there is no difference in the frequency of other types of tours. While they travel shorter distances for maintenance-type errands, a large portion of their maintenance travel is still pursued outside the neighborhood. These findings suggest that while higher levels of neighborhood access influences travel tours, it does not spur households to complete the bulk of their errands close to home.     

An Exploration of the Relationship between Timing and Duration of Maintenance Activities

The timing and duration of an activity episode are two important temporal aspects of activity-travel behavior. Understanding the causal relationship between these two variables would be useful in the development of activity-based travel demand modeling systems. This paper investigates the relationship between these two variables by considering two different causal structures – one structure in which time-of-day choice is determined first and influences duration and a second structure in which activity duration is determined first and affects time-of-day choice. These two structures are estimated within a discrete-continuous simultaneous equations framework employing a full-information maximum likelihood methodology that allows error covariance. The estimation is performed separately for commuter and non-commuter samples drawn from a 1996 household travel survey data set from the Tampa Bay area in Florida. The results of the model estimation effort show that the causal structure in which activity duration precedes or affects activity timing (time of day choice) performs better for the non-commuter sample. For the commuter sample, the findings were less conclusive with both causal structures offering equally good statistical measures of fit. In addition, for the commuter sample, all error correlations were found to be zero. These two findings suggest that time of day choice and activity episode duration are only loosely related for the commuter sample, possibly due to the relatively non-discretionary and inflexible work activity and travel.     

信号控制下人行横道宽度优化模型

为了提高行人过街安全,本文分析了信号控制下行人过街的时空分布特性,研究行人过街空间区域最大宽度与时间和人行横道纵向位置映射关系;通过对行人流量和分担率两因素的分析,对行人过街空间区域特性进行数学描述,根据实测数据并利用轨迹提取技术获取行人时空数据,建立了满足过街时间约束下的人行横道宽度优化模型;最后利用长春市4处人行横道的行人过街时空信息,以群体过街时间为验证指标对模型进行了验证,结果显示,利用本文建立的人行横道宽度优化模型所确定的行人过街时间在3处地点分别减少5.60%、3.29%和2.58%.本文建立的基于时空安全的人行横道宽度优化方法可为人行横道宽度的设计提供理论参考和技术支持.     

基于PCA-聚类分析的高铁旅客购票行为特性研究

铁路运输中旅客购票行为是铁路客运运营策略制定的重要基础.旅客购票行为直接影响着列车能力的占用过程,是铁路客运票额组织的重要依据.根据贵阳—广州高速铁路的旅客购票统计数据,以高铁购票旅客为样本,运用主成分分析法购票行为的特征属性进行综合分析,获得购票行为中重要特征变量.结合单次购票强度提出基于模糊C均值的双重聚类算法,对购票旅客进行聚类,并利用模糊聚类有效性指标Xie-beni和分离系数法确定最佳聚类数.结果表明,高铁旅客购票行为的关键特性为单次出行旅客人数、购票提前天数、出行OD城市人均GDP和购票渠道;不同旅客类型的购票行为有明显特性.     

A passenger car driver model for higher lateral accelerations

Due to increasing demands for time and cost efficient vehicle and driver assistant systems development, numerical simulation of closed-loop manoeuvres becomes increasingly important. Thus, the driver has to be considered in the modelling. On the basis of a two-layer approach to model a driver's steering behaviour, the field of application is extended to higher lateral accelerations in this study. An analytical method to determine the driver parameters is presented, which is based on the two-wheel vehicle model. The simulation results are determined using a full vehicle model including all essential nonlinearities. Standard manoeuvres in the nonlinear range of vehicle handling behaviour are performed. A cornering manoeuvre is chosen to show the characteristics of the proposed driver model.     

直流牵引变电所在供电系统运行仿真中的建模

讨论了直流牵引变电所在供电系统运行仿真中的建模问题。直流牵引变电所主要由整流变压器和硅整流器构成。在进行直流牵引供电系统的运行仿真时,将其按戴维南电路建模,其等效内电阻和理想电压源由交流电源和整流机组的参数以及负载情况决定。本文给出了12脉波整流机组的计算实例。     

排水系统水力模型建模导则有关规定的探讨

排水系统水力模型在排水工程项目中的应用越来越广泛,制定一套关于排水系统水力模型的标准和规范是必要的。根据编制《排水系统水力模型建模及交付技术导则》中的要求,以集水区和降雨作为研究对象,采用水力模型对集水区和降雨进行建模模拟,分析研究集水区和降雨对排水系统水力模型的影响,证明《排水系统水力模型建模及交付技术导则》中关于集水区和降雨在排水系统水力模型中的建模要求的合理性,为导则的后续应用提供了有力的技术支持,也为后续排水系统水力模型的建设提供相应的指导。     

铁路乘客艾滋病知识、态度、行为调查分析

目的　调查铁路旅客的艾滋病相关知识、态度和行为情况,为列车开展艾滋病宣传教育提供理论依据。方法　对6趟旅客列车乘客进行抽样问卷调查,调查结果进行统计分析。结果收回有效调查问卷2 083份,艾滋病一般知识正确回答率55.83% ~92.03%,传播途径59.67%~93.52%,临床知识59.00%~77.34%,预防控制68.75%~88.86%,态度行为48.25%~94.33%,政策法规67.64%~84.88%。正确回答率无性别差异(P>0.05);一般知识、传播途径、行为态度存在结婚与否的差异(P<0.05);受教育程度上除一般知识外,其它都有显著性差异(P<0.01)。结论　铁路乘客对艾滋病知识、态度、行为的正确回答率,原则性问题高于具体问题, 71%以上乘客愿意接受健康教育和AIDS教育。针对铁路乘客流动性强的特点,列车上艾滋病宣传教育内容要注重知识具体化。