遗传算法在五连杆悬架优化中的应用

针对五连杆悬架的特点，运用多体系统动力学的理论建立了悬架的运动学分析模型，基于遗传算法开发了优化器的核心单元，并解决了它们之间的通讯和协调问题以实现在车轮上下跳动过程中车轮外倾角的运动学特性变化量与目标值之间的偏差最小作为优化设计的目标，说明了遗传算法在五连杆悬架优化中的应用。应用这种优化体系对某型轿车五连杆悬架进行了实例优化分析。     

船舶操纵模拟器中DIS/HLA网关原型的设计

通过详细分析网关的具体工作流程，提出了网关应具备的基本功能，并在此基础上对网关的模块进行了设计与实现。通过网关原型的设计实现，达到了快速将原有DIS船舶模拟器与HLA系统互连，为进一步实现大规模的分布航海仿真提供了基础。     

冲刷条件下既有桥梁桩基础工作性状研究进展

水流冲刷可导致桥梁桩基础周围土体受到侵蚀,其后果轻则降低桩基础承载力,重则导致整座桥梁坍塌。尽管有关桥梁桩基础冲刷的研究很多,而涉及如何评价冲刷对桥梁桩基础承载性状影响的研究却较少,但正在受到学术界与工程界的高度重视。在分析由冲刷引起桥墩、桥台及桩基病害的基础上,重点从理论分析、数值模拟、模型试验等方面评述冲刷条件下,桩基水平和竖向承载性状的研究现状与进展,认为急需更多系统性的研究以探求合理的理论分析方法。因而,有必要进行大量的数值模拟和模型试验甚至是现场试验来研究桩基的冲刷性状,进而为找到分析冲刷对整座桥梁结构安全性能影响的实用评估方法提供理论基础。     

差异沉降对加筋土挡墙筋带内力与变形的影响

采用正交设计进行加筋土挡墙缩尺模型试验。通过对筋带延伸率、筋带密度、筋带与面板连接方式三个可变因素的二水平4组试验,研究墙后填土与墙面板之间的差异沉降对筋带变形的影响。结果表明,差异沉降导致筋带不再保持原来的水平位置,其竖向变形可以用指数曲线描述。应用弹性薄膜理论与筋土相互作用耦合方程对筋带变形及内力进行的分析表明,差异沉降导致的筋带应变由水平位移和竖向挠度共同引起,该应变比常规设计中筋带应变大,将导致筋带受力条件恶化,挡墙安全度降低。     

全垫升气垫船操纵运动研究

本文用大振幅平面运动机构对全垫升气垫船模型进行了约束试验，测得了作用在船上的水动力，在此基础上用计算机解气垫船操纵运动微分方程，预报气垫船的回转性能，并与实船试验的结果进行了比较，两者吻合较好。     

采用模型设计和模型试验方法研制大型泵

本文对采用模型设计和模型试验方法研制大型离心泵的计算理论，结构设计和材料选用等问题进行了探讨，确认了只有在正确运用相似计算公式的前提下才能保证相似设计可靠性的观点，验证了叶轮进口截面几何形状对离心泵汽蚀性能和效率值的影响，并提出了国内现有的能较好满足船艇货油泵运转条件的材料组合建议方案。     

Soil Body Deformation Caused by Construction of a Double-Line Shield Tunnel with Multiple Factors北大核心CSCD

Considering the influence of many factors (soil loss, frontal additional thrust, the friction force of the shield shell and the additional grouting force), a method for improving the uniform soil body movement model is pro-posed, and a mechanical calculation model is established to study the calculation method for soil body deformation caused by double-line parallel shield driving. Based on the Mindlin solutions of elastic mechanics, the theoretical solutions for soil body deformations caused by the last three factors are calculated; considering the uniform soil body movement model, the theoretical solutions for soil body deformations caused by soil loss are calculated, then the to-tal theoretical solutions for soil body deformations under multiple factors are obtained by means of superposition. The vertical surface settlement, vertical horizontal displacement, and vertical displacements of the soil body at different depths of Hangzhou Metro Line 1 are calculated to analyze the variation laws. Meanwhile the influential factors for horizontal displacement variation are studied. The research shows that with a change of depth, the settlement of the soil body changes within the scope of 10 to 13 m in the horizontal direction near where the maximum settlement occurs;the direction of the horizontal displacement of the soil body changes with a change of the positional relationship be-tween the calculation points and the tunnel; and with an increase of interval J for the two tunnels, the horizontal dis-placement of the soil body of a deep double-line tunnel decreases while the displacement near the surface changes slightly. © 2018, Editorial Office of "Modern Tunnelling Technology". All right reserved.     

Sea state estimation based on vessel motion responses: Improved smoothness and robustness using Bézier surface and L1 optimization

Floating structures oscillate in waves, where these wave-induced motions may be critical for various marine operations. An important consideration is thereby given to the sea states at the planning and operating stages for an offshore project. The most important information extracted from a sea state is the directional wave spectrum, indicating wave direction, significant wave height, and wave spectrum peak period. Among several available methods of measuring and estimating the directional wave spectrum, the wave buoy analogy technique based on vessel motion responses is an in situ and almost real-time solution without extra costs of devices. If the forms of the wave spectra are not predefined in the estimation, the method is called a nonparametric approach. Its most remarkable advantage is the flexible form, but the smoothness should be regulated. After the discrete Fourier transform has been applied to the measured vessel motions, smoothing is necessary. However, this process results in disturbed vessel cross-spectra and a lowpass characteristic of the windowing function. This paper presents a nonparametric approach for directional wave spectrum estimation based on vessel motion responses. It introduces novel smoothness constraints using Bézier surface and includes a more robust estimate using L1 optimization. Both techniques are applied to the wave buoy analogy for the first time. Numerical simulations are conducted to verify the proposed algorithm.     

基于三点模型的柴油机热工参数预测

准确预测热工参数劣化趋势是对柴油机实施预测维修的前提。已有预测技术均视不同时段信息所具有的建模价值相等,忽略了近期信息比远期信息更能反映设备当前运行态势这一客观事实,导致预测模型难以准确描述柴油机热工参数的真实变化规律。针对该问题,提出一种基于三点模型的柴油机热工参数预测方法,并采用新陈代谢法同步更新建模数据,以提高建模数据的利用效率及预测精度。与灰色系统GM(1,1)模型预测精度的对比结果表明,三点模型能够有效处理不同时段信息在反映设备运行态势能力上的差异,得到更为准确的预测结果。     

浅析盾构隧道模型试验的现状与发展

模型试验是盾构隧道相关研究工作中常用的研究手段。文章对目前盾构隧道模型试验所涉及到的问题进行了系统总结分析,将其归结为管片结构的受力问题、隧道结构本身的分析模型问题、结构与围岩的相互作用问题、开挖面稳定问题、结构与邻近结构物的相互作用问题、隧道施工扰动与控制问题,以及其他问题等。通过典型模型试验实例,对每类问题进行了分析阐述,系统归纳了模型试验在盾构隧道相关研究工作中的进展和成果。针对盾构隧道模型试验经常涉及到的诸如结构模型、模型土、模型箱等材料的选择,加载方案的设计,以及试验方案的综合设计等问题进行了阐述分析,并针对性地提出了意见和建议。