排序方式: 共有118条查询结果,搜索用时 108 毫秒
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介绍了一个多功能智能型航次计划优化系统的设计与实现,得到了一个能在微机网络上运行的有效原型。在设计中引入了人工智能技术,并特别注意了友好的人机界面。 相似文献
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结合印尼雅万高铁项目,对我国高速铁路技术标准"走出去"进行了适应性研究。从自然条件、社会因素和技术水平等方面分析雅万高铁技术标准选择的影响因素,对主要技术标准以及线路、轨道、地质、路基、桥梁、隧道等专业技术标准进行了适应性研究,提出适合雅万高铁条件的技术标准建议。研究成果为雅万高铁的建设提供了支撑,为我国高速铁路标准的进一步优化完善提供了参考,为其他"走出去"项目提供了借鉴。 相似文献
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The increase in extreme weather events due to climate change poses serious challenges to public transit systems. These events disrupt transit operations, impair service quality, increase threats to public safety, and damage infrastructure. Despite the growing risk of extreme weather and climate change, little is known about how public managers recognize, experience and address these risks. Using data from a national study of public transit agencies we investigate the types of extreme weather events transit agencies are experiencing, the associated risks, and how agencies are preparing for them. We find that while extreme events are commonly experienced by transit agencies across states and transit managers perceive increased risks from these events, most agencies rely on the traditional emergency management approach to address extreme weather ex post rather than taking a proactive approach to mitigating the adverse weather impact on transit assets and infrastructure ex ante. Managers report that a lack of access to financial resources is the greatest challenge for undertaking adaptation and preparation. We conclude with a discussion of what these findings mean for understanding organizational adaptation behavior as well as climate adaptation policy making. 相似文献
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The airline schedule planning problem is defined as the sequence of decisions that need to be made to obtain a fully operational flight schedule. Historically, the airline scheduling problem has been sequentially solved. However, there have already been many attempts in order to obtain airline schedules in an integrated way. But due to tractability issues it is nowadays impossible to determine a fully operative and optimal schedule with an integrated model which accounts for all the key airline related aspects such as competitive effects, stochastic demand figures and uncertain operating conditions. Airlines usually develop base schedules, which are obtained much time in advance to the day of operations and not accounting for all the related uncertainty. This paper proposes a mathematical model in order to update base schedules in terms of timetable and fleet assignments while considering stochastic demand figures and uncertain operating conditions, and where robust itineraries are introduced in order to ameliorate miss-connected passengers. The proposed model leads to a large-scale problem which is difficult to be solved. Therefore, a novel improved and accelerated Benders decomposition approach is proposed. The analytical work is supported with case studies involving the Spanish legacy airline, IBERIA. The presented approach shows that the number of miss-connected passengers may be reduced when robust planning is applied. 相似文献
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Pedestrians adjust both speed and stride length when they navigate difficult situations such as tight corners or dense crowds. They try to avoid collisions and to preserve their personal space. State-of-the-art pedestrian motion models automatically reduce speed in dense crowds simply because there is no space where the pedestrians could go. The stride length and its correct adaptation, however, are rarely considered. This leads to artefacts that impact macroscopic observation parameters such as densities in front of bottlenecks and, through this, flow. Hence modelling stride adaptation is important to increase the predictive power of pedestrian models. To achieve this we reformulate the problem as an optimisation problem on a disk around the pedestrian. Each pedestrian seeks the position that is most attractive in a sense of balanced goals between the search for targets, the need for individual space and the need to keep a distance from obstacles. The need for space is modelled according to findings from psychology defining zones around a person that, when invaded, cause unease. The result is a fully automatic adjustment that allows calibration through meaningful social parameters and that gives visually natural results with an excellent fit to measured experimental data. 相似文献
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This paper summarizes the traffic effects of the Gothenburg congestion charges introduced in 2013. The system is similar to the system introduced in Stockholm in 2006; both are designed as time-of-day dependent cordon pricing systems. We find that many effects and adaptation strategies are similar to those found in Stockholm, indicating a high transferability between smaller and larger cities with substantial differences in public transport use. However, there are also important differences regarding some of the effects, the accuracy of the model forecasts and public support arising from different topologies, public transport use, congestion levels and main objectives communicated to the public. Finally, the Gothenburg case suggests that whether congestion charges are introduced or not depends on the support among the political parties, and that this is determined primarily by the prevailing institutional setting and power over revenues, and to a lower extent by the public support, and benefits from congestion reduction. 相似文献
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Karen Akerlof Jennifer Merrill Juita-Elena Yusuf Michelle Covi Elizabeth Rohring 《Coastal management》2019,47(4):406-428
This article reviews key measures of public opinion on sea-level rise (SLR): beliefs, attitudes, issue prioritization, and policy support. To do so, we first assess the influence of SLR beliefs and attitudes on issue prioritization and policy support using state-level data. Then, we compare the state findings to other surveys conducted in a hot spot of rising coastal waters, the U.S. Mid-Atlantic, to better understand the landscape of public opinion. Our findings indicate that, as in studies of climate change public opinion, belief certainty that SLR is happening and attitudes about its consequences significantly influence issue prioritization and policy support. Compared to climate change, SLR demonstrates less salience, but is similarly a low public priority. Nevertheless, the public supports governmental policies that address the issue, preferring strategies that discourage new construction in high risk areas and employ “soft” protection through natural barriers. Among the least popular approaches are those that implement hard barriers to defend against encroaching seas. Communication programs and public consultation by governments can benefit from the use of survey data to support evidence-based decision-making. 相似文献
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为了提出能够有效遏制超速行为的干预措施,明确已有超速行为干预措施的实际效果、适用条件、优缺点及结合措施效果,对该领域内相关文献进行了系统性综述。根据系统性综述和元分析首选报告准则(PRISMA),将超速行为及其干预措施作为关键词,分别从11个电子数据库中搜索与超速抓拍系统、反超速宣传、超速警告标志和智能超速干预系统相关文献,通过构建文献质量评价指标体系对这些文献进行评估,筛选出101篇相关文献,并对其研究结果进行了叙述性地综合分析。研究结果表明:超速抓拍系统、反超速宣传、超速警告标志及智能超速干预系统具有不同程度的超速干预效果,且受一些道路交通环境条件及人为因素的影响。具体地,对于超速抓拍系统,区间式超速抓拍系统的干预效果最好,而移动式超速抓拍系统最差;对于反超速宣传,户外广告的超速干预效果最好,但印刷类广告作用不大;对于超速警告标志,超速张贴标志具有较显著的干预效果;警告型动态速度显示标志的超速干预效果优于标准型动态速度显示标志;对于智能超速干预系统,强制型智能超速干预系统的超速干预效果最佳,自愿型智能超速干预系统效果最差;对于结合措施,多数结合措施较单个措施的超速干预效果更好。总体而言,超速抓拍系统和智能超速干预系统的超速干预效果最好,超速警告标志次之,反超速宣传效果较差,结合措施可增强干预效果。上述结果可为超速行为干预措施的选择或提出奠定理论基础。针对已有超速干预措施的局限性及影响因素尚不明朗的问题,后续研究需优化试验或调查方案,进一步探究超速干预措施的效果及影响因素,并基于大数据(如车辆轨迹、视频数据)提出新的干预措施。 相似文献
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Andrew R. Fallon Di Jin William Phalen G. Gray Fitzsimons Christopher J. Hein 《Coastal management》2017,45(5):360-383
Coastal barrier systems around the world are experiencing higher rates of flooding and shoreline erosion. Property owners on barriers have made significant financial investments in physical protections that shield their nearby properties from these hazards, constituting a type of adaptation to shoreline change. Factors that contribute to adaptation on Plum Island, a developed beach and dune system on the North Shore of Massachusetts, are investigated here. Plum Island experiences patterns of shoreline change that may be representative of many inlet-associated beaches, encompassing an equivocal and dynamically shifting mix of erosion and accretion. In the face of episodic floods and fleeting erosive events, and driven by a combination of strong northeast storms and cycles of erosion and accretion, the value of the average Plum Island residence increases by 34% for properties on the oceanfront where protection comprises a publicly constructed soft structure. Even in the face of state policies that ostensibly discourage physical protection as a means of adaptation, coastal communities face significant political and financial pressures to maintain existing protective structures or to allow contiguous groups of property owners to build new ones through collective action. These factors mitigate against adapting to shoreline change by retreating from the coast, thereby potentially increasing the adverse effects of coastal hazards. 相似文献