考虑出行者不同理性程度的拥堵交通流分配方法

为研究出行者感知偏好对交通分配结果的影响,本文构建了微观路径选择模型,提出拥堵条件下受路段通行能力限制的交通分配算法。引入出行者决策过程中的后悔和无差别化阈值,考虑出行时间和排队时间的心理感知差异,构建不同理性程度下的路径选择概率模型。在集计水平上,考虑当前路段及其上下游路段通行能力限制、路段车辆空间排队和溢出,提出路段车流量流入、流出的修正方法。采用增量加载分配方法,研究路段车辆的消散特性,再现了从个体路径决策到宏观路网状态的演化过程。基于Nguyen-Dupuis仿真网络,比较不同算法下各路段的拥堵车辆和各路段车辆流入、流出情况。结果表明：出行者个人偏好感知会显著影响拥堵路段的成本函数,是出行者路径选择的关键因素,但是出行者个人偏好对非拥堵路段的车辆流入、流出影响较小;考虑个体偏好的交通分配方法能降低路网的平均饱和度。本文提出的考虑有限理性的拥堵交通分配方法可应用于拥堵路网的交通诱导,有利于促进道路资源的合理利用。     

疲劳裂纹扩展双参数统一方法中门槛值的确定

疲劳裂纹扩展双参数统一方法是由Sadananda和Vasudevan提出的,并认为,疲劳裂纹的扩展是在两个驱动力Kmax和△K共同作用下发生的,因此,裂纹的扩展存在两个门槛值Kmax,th和△Kth与这两个驱动力相对应。为了使裂纹扩展,必须同时满足两个门槛值(Kmax,th;△Kth)的条件。从理论上来说,门槛值可以通过试验来测定,但由于试验测定门槛值存在较多困难。文章基于作者们在PRADS2007会议上提出的双参数裂纹扩展率的一般表达式,给出根据疲劳试验数据确定门槛值的方法,和试验数据相比,吻合较好。     

医学图像自适应阈值边缘检测的研究

介绍一种基于小波变换的自适应医学图像边缘检测方法.实验结果表明:该方法可对图像边界进行敏锐检测,从而得到图像的细微特征.这些特点使得它特别适合于医学图像边缘的检测.     

A Comprehensive Method for Assessing Marine Resource Governance: Case Study in Kāne‘ohe Bay,Hawai‘i

A recent metaanalysis identified certain management attributes that are associated with successful management of threshold-based systems. However, high variance among case studies indicates that these attributes do not guarantee good conservation outcomes, suggesting that additional factors may be at play. To better understand these additional factors, we compiled a list of effective governance attributes from the literature, and developed guidance for systematically evaluating their presence, absence, and the extent to which each attribute is actually manifested in a given case study. We also examine the distribution of rights and responsibilities within a system, and the resulting impacts on stewardship incentives. Here we present the results of this analysis as applied to Kāneohe Bay, Hawai‘i. Our results confirm that absent or incomplete effective governance attributes can negatively impact conservation outcomes. In Kāneohe Bay, a public-private partnership temporarily compensated for gaps and weaknesses in the governance system, thereby creating conditions conducive to successfully reducing populations of invasive algae. However, this partnership has since dissolved and current capacity to address this and other issues in this system is again lacking. Failure to fix governance weaknesses may compromise the continued health and functioning of the Kāne'ohe Bay system.     

Public transit service operation strategy under indifference thresholds‐based bi‐modal equilibrium

This paper investigates public transit service (fare and frequency) operation strategies in a bi‐modal network with assumption of indifference thresholds‐based travelers' mode choice behavior. Under such behavior, users would switch to a new mode only if its utility is larger than the utility of current mode plus a threshold. The concept of indifference thresholds‐based bi‐modal equilibrium (ITBE) and the properties of the ITBE solution are explicitly proposed. Considering transit operator's different economic objectives (profit‐maximizing, no‐deficit and total system cost‐minimizing), the effect of indifference thresholds on transit fare and frequency schemes is studied. Some numerical experiments are accompanied to verify the theoretical results. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Route Choice Behaviour of Freeway Travellers Under Real-time Traffic Information Provision – Application of the Best Route and the Habitual Route Choice Mechanisms

Abstract

This paper investigates route choice behaviour on freeways between Taipei and Taichung in Taiwan under the provision of real-time traffic information. Two types of route choice selection rules (the best-route and habitual-route) are analysed using ordered probit models to identify the major influences on freeway travellers’ route choice behaviour. The level of service associated with each route is defined as a generalised cost saving (GCS) and specified non-linearly with a threshold inherent to travellers. The marginal (dis)utility thresholds in the ‘best’ and ‘habitual’ behaviour models are identified through a goodness-of-fit grid. The results confirm that the thresholds for changing the inertia behaviour of drivers should be larger than the ones for choosing the best routes. In addition, the drivers are more likely to choose either the best or the habitual routes once the GCS are greater than the identified threshold values.     

我国交通影响分析技术发展综述

为反映我国交通影响分析（TIA）的技术发展状况和存在的问题，对相关文献进行分析总结，从发展状况、阈值理论、预测模型、交通影响费、制度模式5个方面进行综述。研究显示，我国交通影响分析更重视交通对土地的反作用，实施对象由单体项目向区域化发展，而在交通影响分析调控土地开发强度的能力和为筹集建设资金增开渠道的作用方面尚未得到充分发挥。为了使我国交通影响分析工作更加完善，需要在4个方面进行更深入的研究：区域性交通影响分析理论、适合交通影响分析的分配算法、适合我国的交通影响费制度以及交通影响评价市场的规范化。     

基于时间剩余的随机后悔最小化路径选择

出行者路径选择行为的正确性直接影响到交通规划“四阶段”模型最后一步交通分配的可靠性,对交通规划领域具有重要意义.近年来,为了克服出行者路径选择主要理论（随机效用最大化模型）存在的问题,Chorus 提出了随机后悔最小化模型.本文借用经济学领域中的无差异曲线概念,建立基于时间剩余的出行时间和出行费用双重约束下的随机后悔最小化模型,并对模型中存在的路径重叠和路径感知方差问题进行改进.最后运用示例性路网进行数值检验.结果显示,改进模型更加合理,具有更好的可靠性.     

视频交通图像自适应阈值边缘检测

应用小波变换对视频交通图像进行边缘检测，研究了边缘评价指标、尺度对性能指标的影响及自适应阈值边缘检测，并与经典的边缘检测Sobel算子进行了对比。提出用大尺度滤波器去抑制原图像的噪声，可靠地识别噪声；而用小尺度滤波器为图像边缘精确定位，并构造出紧支二次B样条小波。结果表明，二次B样条小波边缘检测方法具有计算量小，抗噪能力和适应能力强，且有改进余地等优点，仿真效果也明显好于经典的Sobel算子。     

高速公路行程时间可靠性评价体系及指标阈值标定

行程时间可靠性是评价道路运行效率的重要指标,同时也是评价高速公路服务水平的重要指标。为了向高速公路管理者和使用者提供更加准确的行程时间信息,提高高速公路的服务水平及使用效率,在已有研究的基础上,建立了高速公路行程时间可靠性评价体系,并采取向高速公路使用者问卷调查的方式对高速公路行程时间可靠性阈值进行研究,通过对数据进行分析,结合佛罗里达算法,提出了新的高速公路可靠性指标阈值的计算方法。