基于复合神经网络模型的四轮独立驱动电动车控制

针对四轮独立驱动电动车的运动控制，提出了一种基于Ackerman转向模型和神经网络方法的复合模型，用于对各个车轮转速进行仿真和控制。这种复合模型的特点是结构非常精简，其参数可用实际整车数据来直接整定，尤其适合于车辆的中低速运行控制。     

A novel fuzzy logic correctional algorithm for traction control systems on uneven low-friction road conditions

The traction control system (TCS) might prevent excessive skid of the driving wheels so as to enhance the driving performance and direction stability of the vehicle. But if driven on an uneven low-friction road, the vehicle body often vibrates severely due to the drastic fluctuations of driving wheels, and then the vehicle comfort might be reduced greatly. The vibrations could be hardly removed with traditional drive-slip control logic of the TCS. In this paper, a novel fuzzy logic controller has been brought forward, in which the vibration signals of the driving wheels are adopted as new controlled variables, and then the engine torque and the active brake pressure might be coordinately re-adjusted besides the basic logic of a traditional TCS. In the proposed controller, an adjustable engine torque and pressure compensation loop are adopted to constrain the drastic vehicle vibration. Thus, the wheel driving slips and the vibration degrees might be adjusted synchronously and effectively. The simulation results and the real vehicle tests validated that the proposed algorithm is effective and adaptable for a complicated uneven low-friction road.     

The effects of wheelset driving system suspension parameters on the re-adhesion performance of locomotives

In this study, in order to examine the effects of a wheelset driving system suspension parameters on the re-adhesion performance of locomotives, the stick–slip vibration was analysed according to theoretical and simulation analysis. The decrease of the slip rate vibration amplitude improved the stability of the stick–slip vibration and the re-adhesion performance of locomotives. Increasing the longitudinal guide stiffness of the wheelset and the motor suspension stiffness were proposed as effective measures to improve the re-adhesion performance of locomotives. These results showed that the dynamic slip rate was inversely proportional to the series result of the square root of the longitudinal guide and motor suspension stiffness. The larger the motor suspension stiffness was, the smaller the required longitudinal guidance stiffness was at the same re-adhesion time once the wheel slip occurred, and vice versa. The simulation results proved that the re-adhesion time of the locomotive was approximately proportional to amplitude of the dynamic slip rate. When the stick–slip vibration occurred, the rotary and the longitudinal vibrations of the wheelset were coupled, which was confirmed by train's field tests.     

汽车驾驶员不安全行为评价分析

为稳步增强汽车驾驶的安全性,减少安全事故的发生,驾驶人员除了需要具备足够的应急应变能力之外,还需要做好安全行为习惯养成工作,形成良好的驾驶习惯.文章以汽车驾驶员不安全行为作出研究对象,在明确不安全行为表现的基础上,深刻分析影响汽车驾驶人员不安全行为的因素,在此基础上,制定合理的应对策略,旨在引导驾驶人员形成安全行为,以...     

铁道车辆轴箱弹簧断裂故障对动力学性能的影响

车辆运行过程中,当轴箱弹簧突发断裂故障,会造成动力学状态和性能突变,一系悬挂刚度突然减小,暂时失去承载能力,会威胁车辆行车安全。结合整车的动力学仿真,建立了轴箱弹簧断裂过程的力学模型,对整个断裂过程进行仿真,模拟了轴箱弹簧突然断裂工况下车辆动力学性能变化,分析了轴箱弹簧断裂条件下车辆直线行车安全性以及曲线通过安全性。计算分析结果表明:轴箱弹簧突然断裂导致一系悬挂刚度剧变,引起轮轨垂向力先减小后增大,轮重减载率、脱轨系数等参数增大直至超限,但对轮轨横向力影响不大。     

机车电路CAI软件的设计与实现

针对当前机车电路教学的迫切需要,以满足用户需求,提高教学质量为宗旨设计并实现了一套完整的机车电路CAI软件。软件中实现的虚拟驾驶台、电流流动模拟、多媒体辅助教学等功能都具有一定的独创性,并在实际使用中取得了良好的效果。     

磁力摩擦式辅助驱动在TBM连续皮带机中的应用

长大隧道TBM(tunnel boring machine)施工大多采用连续皮带机出渣,当运输距离较大时通常需要在中间增设辅助驱动,以降低胶带最大张力,从而降低胶带强度。为了提高辅助驱动的工程适应性,研发了磁力摩擦式辅助驱动系统,具有驱动力大、无二次转载、胶带无二次冲击损伤、结构简单、故障点少、结构紧凑占用空间小、安装方便和配置灵活等特点。该成果可用于采用钢丝绳芯胶带的TBM连续皮带机、支洞皮带机以及其他需要辅助驱动的胶带输送机,并在山西省中部引黄工程TBM1标段成功应用,具有广阔的推广应用价值。     

高压共轨高速电磁阀自升压双电源驱动方法研究

在对现有高压共轨高速电磁阀驱动电路进行分析的基础上,提出了一种基于电磁阀自身的自升压方式,一方面把高速电磁阀关闭时本身储存的电能回收到储能电容中,另一方面在两缸工作间隙利用电磁阀线圈作为升压电路电感对储能电容进行能量补充,保证储能电容上的电压达到一个稳定状态。电路在保证实现双电压快速驱动的同时,使驱动结束的能量得到有效回收,同时省去外接专用升压电路所需要的电感部件,减小了电源电路的体积和设计成本,并且电控单元印制线路板的电磁兼容性设计易于保证。应用该方法对某高压共轨部件高速电磁阀进行试验,匹配出驱动参数,并进行稳定性试验验证,结果表明该方法能够满足工程应用需求。     

基于安全和情感化的汽车辅助驾驶系统多模态交互设计研究综述

汽车作为目前人类最常使用的交通工具之一,其智能驾驶技术大部分处在L2～L3“人机共驾”技术的发展阶段,在L5级自动驾驶技术出现之前,“人机共驾”仍然是目前主流的驾驶方式,其各种车载系统和交互方式正在不断完善。多模态交互作为未来设计的发展趋势,必然将与汽车融合产生新的“火花”。对车载系统中多模态交互设计研究包括疲劳状态预警、碰撞预警、车道偏离预警、智能接管提醒、智能泊车等方向进行梳理总结,对车载AI多模态交互设计包括多屏交互、触控交互、手势交互、语音交互、表情交互、眼动交互等自然交互方式进行分析。采用文献研究及案例分析的方式探究如何在基于安全和情感化的背景下使驾驶员的体验更加舒适,展望了汽车多模态交互设计在车载系统中的应用及未来趋势。恰当而良好的交互方式融合将会提高各种车载系统及应用的安全性和驾驶的舒适度。多模态交互的引入必将是汽车发展的趋势。     

Consumer preferences for battery electric vehicles: A choice experimental survey in China

To accelerate the diffusion of battery electric vehicles (BEVs), consumer preferences for different products and policy attributes must be determined. Although previous studies have investigated consumer preferences for some product attributes, including purchase price, operation cost, driving range, and charging time, limited studies have discussed the broader aspects of product attributes, such as battery warranty and depreciation rate. Moreover, market-oriented incentives, including the personal carbon trading (PCT) scheme and the tradable driving credits (TDC) scheme, can theoretically be effective alternatives to expensive purchase subsidies. However, there is a lack of empirical evidence that confirms the influence of these two schemes on BEV adoption. To fill these gaps, we conducted a stated preference choice experimental survey in China and investigated the effect of product attributes, existing policy incentives, and two emerging market-oriented incentives on BEV adoption. Our results reveal that along with the main product attributes, battery warranty has a significant positive effect on inducing mainstream consumers to adopt BEVs while no preference difference occurs among existing policy incentives after purchase subsidies are abolished. For young consumers, almost all incentives that reduce the operation cost (e.g., PCT) or increase convenience (e.g., TDC) can increase their adoption of BEVs. These findings can provide important implications for the government with regard to designing novel incentives and promoting BEV adoption.