Network-wide traffic and environmental impacts of acceleration and deceleration among Eco-Driving Vehicles in different road configurations

Eco-Driving, a driver behaviour-based method, has featured in a number of national policy documents as part of CO₂ emission reduction or climate change strategies. This investigation comprises a detailed assessment of acceleration and deceleration in Eco-Driving Vehicles at different penetration levels in the vehicle fleet, under varying traffic composition and volume. The impacts of Eco-Driving on network-wide traffic and environmental performance at a number of speed-restricted road networks (30?km/h) is quantified using microsimulation. The results show that increasing levels of Eco-Driving in certain road networks result in significant environmental and traffic congestion detriments at the road network level in the presence of heavy traffic. Increases in CO₂ emissions of up to 18% were found. However, with the addition of vehicle-to-vehicle or vehicle-to-infrastructure communication technology which facilitates dynamic driving control on speed and acceleration/deceleration in vehicles, improvements in CO₂ emissions and traffic congestion are possible using Eco-Driving.     

高速公路合流区上匝道混合车流通行能力经验计算法

研究高速公路合流区上匝道混合车流的通行能力的计算问题。利用已有的高速公路合流区外侧车道交通特征分析结论,推求在外侧车流不同车头时距分布特征下的上匝道混合车流汇合概率模型。运用回归技术和统计方法,建立了加速车道合流点分布概率的实测经验模型。对可接受间隙理论的原型进行了形式上的修正,最终建立高速公路合流区上匝道的混合车流通行能力经验模型,它是主路交通量、匝道交通量、加速车道长度、匝道混合车流比例以及各自的临界间隙和随车时距的函数。最后结合实例介绍经验模型的数值积分求解方法,并证实该经验计算方法具有较高的实效性和可操作性。     

HS125GY越野摩托车中低速加速性能的改进

原HS125GY车所配化油器为柱塞式PZ26,与普通两气门125 mL发动机相当,采用四气门设计的目的是要提高进气填充效率,但PZ26化油器实际上却限制了发动机的进气效率.应匹配大口径化油器、进气管、空滤器来提高进气效率空间,按RX125进气口等效直径匹配化油器、进气管和低阻力系数空滤器.     

增压柴油机车加速中降低排气烟度的研究

本文通过对小型增压柴油机在加速过程中的燃料流量特性的分析,设计出可以任意改变加速过程中燃料流量的实验装置。通过试验和分析,找出了在维持同等加速性能的情况下,可以较大幅度降低排气烟度的燃料流量的特性规律。     

轿车改进车型的正面碰撞仿真模拟研究

汽车制造厂会根据市场需求对现有车型进行改进。改进车型的开发周期一般比较短,通过CAE模拟可以在短时间内完成。本文以奇瑞公司某款车型的改进为例,介绍了针对汽车正面碰撞性能的设计,建立LS-DYNA的有限元模型模拟车辆正面碰撞刚性墙,优化车辆前部结构,将LS-DYNA运算输出的车体加速度作为MADYMO的输入条件,分析对比乘员保护效果,保证了原有安全气囊与改进后车型的匹配性。     

地铁运营引起的环境低频振动传播特征试验研究

为了分析地铁运营造成的环境低频(<20 Hz)振动,进行试验室低频振动试验研究。通过试验获得离散频率(5~16 Hz)简谐荷载下隧道内、地表和建筑物内的振动加速度信号,并对其进行预处理和归一化处理,从时程与频谱、加速度级和传递函数3个方面,分析低频振动在隧道结构、地表和建筑物内的传播特征。结果表明:隧道结构低频振动表现为整体振动,地表低频振动以竖向为主,而建筑物内的低频振动以水平方向为主;地表竖向低频振动随着距轨道水平距离的增加而衰减较快,水平低频振动在距轨道0~40 m范围内出现放大,40 m之外衰减较缓;建筑物内的水平低频振动,在10 Hz以下随着楼层的升高而增大,而在10~16 Hz时随着楼层的升高而减小;隧道基底到地表的竖向传递函数值随着距轨道水平距离的增加而逐渐减小,但随频率变化不大,在5~16 Hz范围内的传递函数值为0~0.5。     

足尺路面加速加载设备MLS66在辽宁省的应用

介绍了足尺加速加载设备MLS66的加载方式、组成、性能以及基于MLS66性能特点的加速加载试验方案设计方法。以钢桥面铺装加速加载试验和微表处加速加载试验为例,介绍了MLS66在辽宁省的应用情况。根据两年来辽宁省采用MLS66开展加速加载试验的情况,认为MLS66是一种加载效率高、与实际行车荷载作用接近的加速加载设备,已获得的研究成果对于评价辽宁省沥青路面结构的使用性能、改善路面结构设计等方面都具有重要的参考价值。     

轮胎侧偏刚度在线估算方法

对轮胎侧偏刚度进行估算能满足研发汽车稳定性控制系统的需要,文章探讨了3种在线估算轮胎侧偏刚度的方法,并进行了比较分析。结果表明,直接法和GPS/INS综合测量法原理清晰且求解高效,但这2种方法仅仅适用于轮胎线性范围内;加速度变化率法适应性好,但需要冲动传感器或通过信号高性能滤波,故成本较高。     

A hybrid controller for autonomous vehicles driving on automated highways

This paper addresses the problem of the hybrid control of autonomous vehicles driving on automated highways. Vehicles are autonomous, so they do not communicate with each other nor with the infrastructure. Two problems have to be dealt with: a vehicle driving in a single-lane highway must never collide with its leading vehicle; and a vehicle entering the highway at a designated entry junction must be able to merge from the merging lane to the main lane, again without any collision. To solve these problems, we equip each vehicle with a hybrid controller, consisting of several continuous control laws embedded inside a finite state automaton. The automaton specifies when a given vehicle must enter the highway, merge into the main lane, yield to other vehicles, exit from the highway, and so on. The continuous control laws specify what acceleration the vehicle must have in order to avoid collisions with nearby vehicles. By carefully designing these control laws and the conditions guarding the automaton transitions, we are able to demonstrate three important results. First, we state the initial conditions guaranteeing that a following vehicle never collides with its leading vehicle. Second, we extend this first result to a lane of autonomous vehicles. Third, we prove that if all the vehicles are equipped with our hybrid controller, then no collision can ever occur, and all vehicles either merge successfully or are forced to drop out when they reach the end of their merging lane. Finally, we show the outcome of a highway microsimulation modelled after the Katy Corridor near Houston, Texas: our single-lane highway can accommodate 4000 vehicles per hour with neither drop-outs nor traffic congestion. It is entirely programmed in SHIFT, a hybrid systems simulation language developed at UC Berkeley by the PATH group. This shows that SHIFT is a well suited language for designing safe control laws for autonomous highway systems, among others.