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城市公共交通乘客出行成本的量化研究,对于科学合理地评价公共交通系统的社会效益意义重大,而出行时间价值是进行乘客出行成本估计的一个重要环节. 本文以北京市市区居民SP调查数据为依托,通过分析公共交通出行时间价值的影响因素,选取Logit模型为基础模型,引入“出行者收入”作为模型新增变量,并针对工作商务、社会娱乐两种出行目的在不同换乘情况下出行时间价值模型进行参数标定,建立了基于SP调查数据的改进型时间价值求解模型,并计算得到北京市公共交通出行者在不同出行目的和有无换乘情况下的换乘时间价值、候车时间价值以及运行时间价值. 研究发现,工作商务出行目的出行时间价值普遍高于社会娱乐的出行时间价值,出行者在不同出行目的和有无换乘情况下的候车时间价值,大于换乘时间价值以及运行时间价值,并且有换乘情况下的候车时间价值大于无换乘情况下的候车时间价值.     

Evaluation of the effectiveness of accident information on freeway changeable message signs: A comparison of empirical methodologies

In this paper, we study the effectiveness of accident messages that are displayed on freeway changeable message signs (CMS). Motivated by the lack of empirical studies and the mixed results reported in the limited empirical studies, this paper focuses on the comparison of different aggregate analysis methodologies and their corresponding results, using the same empirical data set. We have two major findings. First, we find that the CMS accident messages do not seem to have any significant immediate effect on driver diversion based on our empirical data. Visible congestion, on the other hand, seems to be an important factor for driver diversion. Second, we show how the conclusion could have been if wrong methodologies were to be adopted. Methods that rely on correlation alone but not the timing of events (what we call correlation method) yield high correlation between CMS accident messages and driver diversion, which is typically and incorrectly interpreted as CMS accident messages being effective.     

汽车碰撞散落物再现模型研究

选取交通事故现场遗留的典型散落物作为试验对象,制作散落物承载装置并模拟真实环境下的车辆碰撞过程,利用VC3000加速计实时计测试验车相关运行参数,在干燥沥青路面进行散落物抛撒试验,深入分析散落物在地面的分布形态,利用ADAMS仿真分析散落物与车辆之间的相对运动过程,探讨路面散落物分布场的特征参数与碰撞车速的关系。     

清障车作业装置常见的结构形式和应用

清障车是装备有起重、托举、拖曳等设备,用于清除道路障碍物的专用汽车。分别介绍了托吊分离型、托吊联体型和平板背拖型清障车作业装置常见的结构形式和应用。     

A list of accident scenarios for three legs skewed intersections

The term ‘scenario’ is used in the safety field to designate a prototype or a model of an accident process characterised by chains of facts, actions, causal relations and consequences in terms of damage to people and property. The prototypical scenarios, properly realized, provide a basis on which to consider the action to be taken, but also a concrete backup for accident information for use in information campaigns or training. The objective of this study is to define the prototypical accident scenarios for a particular configuration of road intersection: the skewed intersection. Limited sight distance at skewed intersections leads to safety issues. A non-skewed intersection provides the best operating conditions as drivers can easily sense the direction in which they are travelling, estimate the speeds of the opposing traffic and smoothly complete a maneuver in shorter time. In skewed intersections, instead, the ability of drivers to recognize any conflicting vehicles diminishes in comparison to right-angle intersections. The logical-deductive approach used in this paper for the determination of accident scenarios is based on an analysis of a large database of incidents, which occurred on several roads in eastern Sicily on 35 skewed intersections at three-legs. The skew angle of the minor leg of all the intersections studied is between 15° and 20°. This research allowed to develop accident scenarios related to particular configurations of intersections, compatible with the Italian rules. Prototypical scenarios are constructed using samples of accidents occurring on a particular type of study area, especially when they are based on files from in-depth investigations. The method used is an inductive approach, based on an examination of each case, grouping together similar cases and building a prototypical scenario using this case grouping. From the in-depth analysis of database accidents 9 prototypical accident scenarios have been identified for the skewed intersections.     

试论水上交通事故责任认定的不可诉性

对水上交通事故责任认定不服,是否可以提起行政复议或者行政诉讼这一问题,在海事管理机构内部一直持有不同的观点。文章通过对法学的理解,分析了水上交通事故责任认定的特点、行政行为的法理分类和司法判例等诸多方面,提出不服水上交通事故责任认定不宜通过行政诉讼途径解决的观点。     

大型散货船船体损伤事故及对策研究

该文对近年来发生的大量大型散货船船体损伤及沉船事故的结构力学原因及管理原因进行了全面研究分析，指出了船体结构设计缺陷部位和管理不善的要点。具体描述了破损发展过程。提出了新散货船船体结构型式的改进方案；提出了现有散货船船体结构的加强措施；提出了加强管理的具体意见。     

论初次调查在海事调查中的重要性

文中笔者结合工作实践,论述了海事初次调查的法规要求、主要作用、工作内容和注意事项等,以期与同仁商榷。     

跨境供应链网络海外仓的鲁棒性选址模型及算法

新经济形态下，全球政治、经济形势瞬息万变，多种人为和自然因素导致商业供应链的生存环境日益严峻. 跨境供应链网络作为典型的时效性和运营环境等都具有极大不确定性的复杂网络，研究其鲁棒性问题具有一定的理论意义和实际应用场景. 首先阐明了跨境供应链网络的内涵，认为海外仓的选址优化是控制网络鲁棒性的重要手段；随后基于最小最大后悔值构建了海外仓的鲁棒性选址模型，利用情景松弛算法对模型进行求解. 算例分析结果证明，所构建的海外仓鲁棒性选址模型及算法适用于跨境供应链网络情景.