飞机排班一体化模型与算法研究

为了改善航班计划两阶段完成的次优性,将机型指派、路线选择与机尾号指派综合考虑,构建了飞机排班的整数规划与约束规划杂交一体化模型.通过设计了一种基于约束编程思想的列生成算法对该问题进行求解.最后,通过航空公司实例数据验证了模型算法的正确性和有效性.     

混合车型需求响应公交服务定制问题研究

针对现存需求响应公交服务中服务质量与服务效率的矛盾,本文提出一种使用混合车型的需求响应服务定制方法.首先采用基于k-means的算法,获得具有时空特性的服务单元.在此基础上,将载运车辆的分配与路径规划问题,视为一个带时间窗的取送问题,通过Dantzig-Wolfe分解,以最小化走行距离和使用车辆数为目标,构建需求响应公交服务定制等价分解模型.在MapReduce框架下,设计了分布式列生成算法,提出了解的可行性保障机制.最后,求解以北京市为背景的案例,验证了模型和方法的可行性和正确性.     

A GA-based household scheduler

One way of making activity-based travel analysis operational for transport planning is multi-agent micro-simulation. Modelling activity and trip generation based on individual and social characteristics are central steps in this method. The model presented here generates complete daily activity schedules based on the structure of a household and its members’ activity calendars. The model assumes that the household is another basic decision-making unit for travel demand aside from individual mobility needs. Results of the model are schedules containing complete information about activity type and sequence, locations, and means of transportation, as well as activity start times and durations. The generated schedules are the outcome of a probabilistic optimisation using genetic algorithms. This iterative method improves solutions found in a random search according to the specification of a fitness criterion, which equals utility here. It contains behavioural assumptions about individuals as well as the household level. Individual utility is derived from the number of activities and their respective durations. It is reduced by costs of travelling and penalties for late, respectively early arrival. The household level is represented directly by the utility of joint activities, and indirectly by allocation of activities and means of transportation to household members. The paper presents initial tests with a three-person household, detailing resulting schedules, and discussing run-time experiences. A sensitivity analysis of the joint utility parameter impact is also included.     

高功率微波武器

高功率微波武器是新概念武器中的一种定向能武器,是正在研究发展的高新技术武器之一,它不仅有可能给21世纪的武器系统带来质的变化,而且有可能控制21世纪的战场,并对未来战争作战方式带来革命性的影响,成为核威慑条件下信息化战争的杀手锏。     

邵怀高速交通标志反光材料的选择

从邵怀高速的道路特点入手,在"人、车、路"的角度上,阐述了邵怀高速对反光材料的特殊要求。最终确定采用全球最先进的交通安全产品:第三代钻石级反光膜DG3和全天候反光标线AWP。     

多功能焊接车

针对全位置自动焊技术在管线中的应用,为解决野外管线施工的流动性、环境恶劣、无电力供应问题,研究一种将行走、发电、焊接、吊装等作业于一身的多功能焊接车。通过选取履带式底盘作为焊接车底盘,从中提取发电机的动力源,经过控制装置将电力提供给焊接、吊装等各用电设备和增设设备安装平台等,将行走系统、发电系统、焊接系统、吊装系统集于一身,实现了焊接车的野外行走,吊装防风棚,为全位置自动焊提供焊接电源等多种功能。     

Changing the timing of activities in resolving Scheduling Conflicts

Following the growing interest in the characterisation and modelling of activity scheduling and re-scheduling behaviour, this paper reports the results of a study on the resolution of activity scheduling conflicts. Using empirical data collected through an Internet survey, the modification of the timing of pre-planned activities to accommodate a new activity in the schedule was analysed. Schedule adjustment was studied using a parametric hazard model. The results indicate that the characteristics of the activities involved are the most important factors influencing the process of schedule change. Several correlations among schedule modifications were found. Harry Timmermans is a Professor at the Eindhoven University of Technology. He is also Director of the Urban Planning Group and the European Institute of Retailing and Services Studies. Tomás Ruiz is a Lecture and researcher at the Technical University of Valencia (Spain). Prior to his employment with the University, Dr. Ruiz was a consultant at Estudios, Proyectos y Planificación S.A.     

On altruists and egoists in activity participation and travel: who are they and do they live together?

Formulation and specification of activity analysis models require better understanding of time allocation behavior that goes beyond the more recent within household analyses to understand selfish and altruistic behavior and how this relates to travel behavior. Using data from 1,471 persons in a recent 2-day time use/activity diary and latent class cluster analysis we identify 11 distinct daily behaviors that span from the intensely self-serving to intensely altruistic. Predicted cluster membership is then used to study within household interactions. The analysis shows strong correlation exists between social role and patterns of altruistic behavior. However, a substantial amount of heterogeneity is also found within social roles. In addition, travel behavior is also very different among altruistic and self-serving time allocation groups. At the household level, a substantial number of households contain persons with similar behavior. Another group of households contains a mix of self-serving and altruistic persons that follow specialized household roles within their households. The majority of households, however, are populated by altruistic persons. Single person households are more likely to be in the self-serving groups but not in their entirety. Altruism at home is directed most often toward the immediate family members. This is less pronounced when we examine altruistic acts outside the home. Konstadinos G. Goulias is a professor of Geography at the University of California Santa Barbara, has been a professor of Civil Engineering at the Pennsylvania State University from 1991 to 2004, and he is the founder and chair of the TRB task force on moving activity-based approaches to practice. Kriste M. Henson is a technical staff member at Los Alamos National Laboratory in the Decision Applications Division and is currently pursing a Ph.D. in Geography at the University of California—Santa Barbara.     

模拟沥青混合料集料的多面体颗粒随机生成算法及程序

为了真实反映沥青混合料中集料的形状、级配及排列,准确模拟其复杂的几何特征与物理性质,提出了模拟沥青混合料的多面体随机生成算法,介绍了算法实现过程中的关键技术问题及程序设计。该算法不仅考虑了矿料级配、颗粒分布的随机性,多面体区域生成及级配的检验与确定,而且考虑到几何与物理参数的转换问题,解决了沥青混合料集料空间结构重构的关键问题。研究结果表明:该算法及程序操作简便,切实可行,为沥青混合料或其他矿物质混合料空间结构重构提供了一种新途径。     

北京市住宅建筑交通出行率研究

针对目前我国城市建筑项目交通影响评价中缺乏交通出行率指标的现状,参考美国等发达国家对土地使用及交通出行率的研究方法,在对北京市城区范围内334个住宅小区进行交通出行率调查的基础上,应用相关度分析方法确定了出行率重要相关参数,并分别用平均生成率法、参考调查点法（图表法）以及回归分析方法对调查数据进行了分析和处理,初步得到了北京市住宅建筑出行率指标的建议取值标准。本文建立的方法可用于城市其他类别建筑项目交捅出行率调杏和分新处理工作．所梧出的居住娄王聿笛．交踊出行率指标值可供城市交通影响评价工作参考。