Changing the timing of activities in resolving Scheduling Conflicts

Following the growing interest in the characterisation and modelling of activity scheduling and re-scheduling behaviour, this paper reports the results of a study on the resolution of activity scheduling conflicts. Using empirical data collected through an Internet survey, the modification of the timing of pre-planned activities to accommodate a new activity in the schedule was analysed. Schedule adjustment was studied using a parametric hazard model. The results indicate that the characteristics of the activities involved are the most important factors influencing the process of schedule change. Several correlations among schedule modifications were found. Harry Timmermans is a Professor at the Eindhoven University of Technology. He is also Director of the Urban Planning Group and the European Institute of Retailing and Services Studies. Tomás Ruiz is a Lecture and researcher at the Technical University of Valencia (Spain). Prior to his employment with the University, Dr. Ruiz was a consultant at Estudios, Proyectos y Planificación S.A.     

On altruists and egoists in activity participation and travel: who are they and do they live together?

Formulation and specification of activity analysis models require better understanding of time allocation behavior that goes beyond the more recent within household analyses to understand selfish and altruistic behavior and how this relates to travel behavior. Using data from 1,471 persons in a recent 2-day time use/activity diary and latent class cluster analysis we identify 11 distinct daily behaviors that span from the intensely self-serving to intensely altruistic. Predicted cluster membership is then used to study within household interactions. The analysis shows strong correlation exists between social role and patterns of altruistic behavior. However, a substantial amount of heterogeneity is also found within social roles. In addition, travel behavior is also very different among altruistic and self-serving time allocation groups. At the household level, a substantial number of households contain persons with similar behavior. Another group of households contains a mix of self-serving and altruistic persons that follow specialized household roles within their households. The majority of households, however, are populated by altruistic persons. Single person households are more likely to be in the self-serving groups but not in their entirety. Altruism at home is directed most often toward the immediate family members. This is less pronounced when we examine altruistic acts outside the home. Konstadinos G. Goulias is a professor of Geography at the University of California Santa Barbara, has been a professor of Civil Engineering at the Pennsylvania State University from 1991 to 2004, and he is the founder and chair of the TRB task force on moving activity-based approaches to practice. Kriste M. Henson is a technical staff member at Los Alamos National Laboratory in the Decision Applications Division and is currently pursing a Ph.D. in Geography at the University of California—Santa Barbara.     

模拟沥青混合料集料的多面体颗粒随机生成算法及程序

为了真实反映沥青混合料中集料的形状、级配及排列,准确模拟其复杂的几何特征与物理性质,提出了模拟沥青混合料的多面体随机生成算法,介绍了算法实现过程中的关键技术问题及程序设计。该算法不仅考虑了矿料级配、颗粒分布的随机性,多面体区域生成及级配的检验与确定,而且考虑到几何与物理参数的转换问题,解决了沥青混合料集料空间结构重构的关键问题。研究结果表明:该算法及程序操作简便,切实可行,为沥青混合料或其他矿物质混合料空间结构重构提供了一种新途径。     

《出行生成》的编制过程及编制方法

简要介绍了美国交通工程师协会编制《出行生成》的背景,详细论述了该书的编制方法和编制过程,主要涉及到出行生成的分类、独立变量和调查时段的选择、进行出行生成预测的原则和出行生成研究的指导说明。最后,以一个实例来说明如何进行出行生成预测,希望能为我国早日制定自己的出行生成研究标准和编制自己的出行生成手册提供借鉴。     

煤矿瓦斯发电技术综述

煤矿瓦斯是煤层伴生物,主要成分是甲烷,储量丰富,与天然气储量相当。开发利用煤矿瓦斯具有安全、节能、环保、增效等重要意义。介绍了3种煤矿瓦斯开发方式及其产气特点,阐述了国内外瓦斯发电现状,并对燃气轮机和燃气内燃机应用条件进行了比较,提出了煤矿瓦斯发电需要解决的"技术安全、瓦斯浓度的适应性和压力的变化"三大技术问题,重点论述了利用燃气发动机进行瓦斯发电的三大类、十项专有的关键技术,并就瓦斯发电市场前景进行了展望。     

轨道交通客流预测的扩展反馈四阶段法研究

针对传统客流预测的四阶段方法中存在客流预测各阶段相对独立的弊端,提出了扩展反馈四阶段法,使交通分配反馈修正交通分布阶段的误差,迭代反馈,达到平衡收敛.采用扩展反馈四阶段法对重庆轨道交通3号线客流进行了预测分析,结果表明,在2015、2025和2035年的3个目标年,当迭代次数分别为7、8和9次时,符合平衡收敛条件,满足收敛精度5％的要求.     

分布式光伏发电对配电网保护的影响

分布式光伏发电接入配电网将影响馈线保护的灵敏性和选择性。文章研究了分布式光伏发电接入配电网后的保护方案,给出了不同情况下对短路电流产生助增或削减作用的理论分析方法。基于放射式配电网络、恒阻抗负荷模型,并将故障下的分布式光伏发电等效为受控电流源,进行了分布式光伏发电对配电网短路电流影响的仿真,仿真结果验证了理论分析的正确性。     

光伏并网发电及无功调节策略的研究

设计了一种将无功调节与并网发电相结合的光伏并网功率控制系统,使光伏并网逆变器在向电网提供有功功率的同时输出电网所需的无功功率。详细分析了系统数学模型、控制结构、无功功率控制方法,并计算了其无功功率极限。结合光伏电站远程调度通讯协议,利用500 kW光伏并网逆变器样机实现了并网发电和无功功率调节的统一控制。仿真结果表明,在电网发生故障时,光伏电站可发送无功以支撑并网点电压,提高了电网电压的稳态性。     

一种基于模型的形式化测试序列自动生成方法及在ETCS-2中的应用

随着中国铁路列车运行控制系统的发展,对列控系统的研究越来越受到学术界的关注。本文提出一种基于模型的形式化测试案例和测试序列生成方法,并应用于ETCS-2级系统的测试中。首先提出有色Petri网(CPN)的建模规则,保证CPN模型适应测试生成的要求;然后,提出一种自动化的测试生成方法,包括测试案例自动生成算法和测试序列搜索算法。为提高整个测试过程的自动化程度,实现测试生成与测试执行的无缝结合,整个测试生成方法的输出是XML格式文件集。最后,以ETCS-2系统的车载子系统为例,运用CPN Tools工具完成建模,实现相应的算法,实现测试生成过程。结果表明,本文提出的基于CPN的测试方法能够在很大程度上提高测试过程的自动化程度,并且生成的测试案例集能够覆盖CPN模型反映的所有ETCS-2系统需求规范信息。     

北京市住宅建筑交通出行率研究

针对目前我国城市建筑项目交通影响评价中缺乏交通出行率指标的现状,参考美国等发达国家对土地使用及交通出行率的研究方法,在对北京市城区范围内334个住宅小区进行交通出行率调查的基础上,应用相关度分析方法确定了出行率重要相关参数,并分别用平均生成率法、参考调查点法（图表法）以及回归分析方法对调查数据进行了分析和处理,初步得到了北京市住宅建筑出行率指标的建议取值标准。本文建立的方法可用于城市其他类别建筑项目交捅出行率调杏和分新处理工作．所梧出的居住娄王聿笛．交踊出行率指标值可供城市交通影响评价工作参考。