Mathematical modelling of train–turnout interaction

The paper proposes a mathematical model of train–turnout interaction in the mid-frequency range (0–500 Hz). The model accounts for the effects of rail profile variation along the track and of local variation of track flexibility. The proposed approach is able to represent the condition of one wheel being simultaneously in contact with more than one rail, allowing the accurate prediction of the effect of wheels being transferred from one rail to another when passing over the switch toe and the crossing nose. Comprehensive results of train–turnout interaction during the negotiation of the main and the branch lines are presented, including the effect of wear of wheel/rail profiles and presence of track misalignment. In the final part of the paper, comparisons are performed between the results of numerical simulations and line measurements performed on two different turnouts for urban railway lines, showing a good agreement between experimental and numerical results.     

Investigating the influence of soil properties on railway traffic vibration using a numerical model

This paper presents the influence of dynamic and geometrical soil parameters on the propagation of ground vibrations induced by external loads. The proposed approach is based on a three-dimensional model, focusing on realistic excitation sources like impulse loads and moving railway vehicles. For the latter, a complete vehicle/track model is developed. The simulation is performed in time domain, offering an interesting approach, compared with classic cyclic analyses. The ground is modelled initially as an elastic homogeneous half-space and additionally as a layered half-space. First, the effect of homogeneous soil properties on ground vibration is analysed. Soil stratification is then taken into account, using various configurations. Analysis reveals that as receiver distance increases ground wave reflection in a layered ground plays an important role in the reduction of ground surface motion. This effect is magnified when the phase velocity wavelength becomes large compared with the depth of the surface layer.     

网络互动在《船舶高级消防》实操教学中的探索

从《船舶高级消防》实操教学中"呼吸器"单项实训入手,总结了网络互动教学在《船舶高级消防》实操教学中的实施过程,并对实施后的教学效果进行了评述。     

Theoretical and experimental excitation force spectra for railway-induced ground vibration: vehicle–track–soil interaction,irregularities and soil measurements

Excitation force spectra are necessary for a realistic prediction of railway-induced ground vibration. The excitation forces cause the ground vibration and they are themselves a result of irregularities passed by the train. The methods of the related analyses – the wavenumber integration for the wave propagation in homogeneous or layered soils, the combined finite-element boundary-element method for the vehicle–track–soil interaction – have already been presented and are the base for the advanced topic of this contribution. This contribution determines excitation force spectra of railway traffic by two completely different methods. The forward analysis starts with vehicle, track and soil irregularities, which are taken from literature and axle-box measurements, calculates the vehicle–track interaction and gets theoretical force spectra as the result. The second method is a backward analysis from the measured ground vibration of railway traffic. A calculated or measured transfer function of the soil is used to determine the excitation force spectrum of the train. A number of measurements of different soils and different trains with different speeds are analysed in that way. Forward and backward analysis yield the same approximate force spectra with values around 1 kN for each axle and third of octave.     

Study on the derailment behaviour of a railway wheelset with solid axles in a railway turnout

ABSTRACT

Dynamic wheel–rail interaction in railway turnouts is more complicated than on ordinary track. In order to evaluate the derailment behaviour of railway wheelsets in railway turnouts, this paper presents a study of dynamic wheel–rail interaction during a wheel flange climbs on the turnout rails, by applying the elasticity positioning wheelset model. A numerical model is established based on a coupled finite element method and multi-body dynamics, and applied to study the derailment behaviour of a railway wheelset in both the facing and trailing directions in a railway turnout, as well as dynamic wheel–turnout rail interaction during the wheel flange climbing on the turnout rails. The influence of the wheel–rail attack angle and the friction coefficient on the dynamic derailment behaviour is investigated through the proposed model. The results show that the derailment safety for a wheelset passing the railway turnout in facing direction is significantly lower than that for the trailing direction and the ordinary track. The possibility of derailment for the wheelset passing the railway turnout in facing and trailing directions at positive wheel–rail attack angles will increase with an increase in the attack angles, and the possibility of derailment can be reduced by decreasing the friction coefficient.     

筏板基础与地基共同作用体系可靠性分析初探

为对筏板基础与地基共同作用体系可靠性分析进行探讨,建立了共同体系的计算公式。通过算例介绍了可靠性分析的计算过程,据此可进一步分析各种因素对可靠性的影响,为工程设计提供理论依据,也是后续进一步要做的工作。     

载流管道振动数值仿真与实验测试

载流管路在舰船上有着广泛的应用,其振动对于船舶设备安全以及船舶噪声大小都有较大影响。本文利用有限元软件Ansys的MFX模块,对流固耦合作用下载流管振动进行了仿真分析,并通过振动测试实验对Ansys仿真计算结果进行了验证,二者的一致性较好。     

基于LS-DYNA的船舶下水动力学研究

文章采用动力学方法,利用LS-DYNA的流固耦合功能,考虑了船舶下水的惯性力、水动力以及船体水下形状等因素,对船舶下水过程进行了三维有限元数值模拟。与传统静力学方法比较,动力学方法不仅能够准确的预报船舶在下水过程中的受力情况,而且能够得到船舶下水过程中瞬时速度、加速度及浮态,能够适应现代造船质量控制的要求。     

某高桩码头结构行车移动荷载分析

为了研究码头结构在上部刚架行车移动荷载作用下的结构安全性,针对某钢-混凝土混合刚架式高桩码头结构,建立桩基、周围土层、码头平台结构和上部刚架整体三维数值模型,并利用ANSYS有限元软件进行数值模拟.结果表明:码头结构最危险工况为南、北两侧行车同时移动到刚架水侧悬臂端并考虑大车刹车荷载;结构位移、应力及内力对南、北两侧大车同步同向运动工况敏感性较强;桩基轴力均为受压状态,岸侧E排桩体不存在上拔情况.这些认识可为同类高桩码头移动荷载分析和设计提供参考.     

软土地区大型船坞底板优化设计

采用PLAIXS软件分析了船坞开挖卸荷和坞墙侧限对底板承载力的影响,结果表明,目前底板设计没有考虑土体开挖的卸荷效应和坞墙的侧限效应显得过于保守。考虑桩土共同作用,用理论的方法分析了船坞底板的受力特性,得到了不同土层分布对底板沉降和土体荷载分担的影响。计算结果与有限元计算值进行对比分析,验证了该方法的正确性。