船舶液货控制技术探讨

确保装载危险品的液货船安全运输与高效装卸。是此类液货船舶的关键技术之一。本文就如何运用计算机局域网的现场总线技术对液货系统进行安全监测与控制作一探讨。     

某出口右盘轻型载货汽车空调系统项目开发总结

空调系统是目前江铃轻型载货汽车的标准配置,随着江铃汽车出口的增加,为满足相关国家多为右置转向盘的要求,企业开发右盘车的原动力也在增加。本文从开发一款右盘轻型载货汽车项目(N698项目,以下简称N698)出发,较全面地介绍了空调系统开发背景、开发原理、开发目标;较系统地阐述了整个空调系统的开发内容和布置形式,并对空调系统的开发进行了详细总结。     

散货集装化运输、装船工艺的发展趋势

为了提高生产效率,研发了散货集装化运输、装船工艺。分析这一新工艺形成的背景。将散货集装化运输、装船工艺与传统工艺比较,展示了新工艺的诸多优点。最后,对散货集装化运输、装船工艺与传统工艺的发展前景作了展望。     

中小型LNG船C型独立液货舱载荷分析

C型独立液货舱是中小型LNG船的主要液货舱形式,通常为单圆筒或双圆筒。根据《国际散装运输液化气体船舶构造和设备》(IGC)规则,推导了最大液柱高度计算公式,并对某10000m3LNG运输船的C型独立液货舱载荷进行了计算,比较了单圆筒和双圆筒两种液货舱分别采用二维加速度椭圆合成法和三维加速度椭球合成法导致的结果差异。     

Air transport and economic growth: a review of the impact mechanism and causal relationships

ABSTRACT

The impacts of air transport on the economy arise both directly, via activity in the aviation sector; and indirectly, via increased spending and wider economic benefits associated with improved access to resources, markets, technology and economic mass. Economic activity, in turn, supports and generates demand for air transport. Despite its potential importance, the reciprocal nature of the causal relationship between air transport and economic performance has remained somewhat understudied. This paper provides a synthesis review of the channels the aviation sector interacts with regional economy. The review focuses on quantitative studies that contribute to the state-of-the-art understandings of the causality. We find that the reciprocal causal relationship is more likely to prevail in less developed economies. For more developed economies, only one direction of the causality is recognised, which runs from air transport to economic growth. Especially substantial is the effect of airline enplanement on service-related employment. The reverse direction of the relationship is, however, not as significant as believed in a causal sense within the developed world. Therefore, cautions need to be taken when applying income elasticities (such as the elasticity of air passenger demand with respect to GDP) in air travel demand forecasting, which implicitly assumes that economic growth causally leads to air traffic increment. Based on the fundamental links between air transport and economic growth, some typical imperfections and inefficiencies in aviation markets are discussed and promising avenues for future research are proposed.     

需求变动下高铁快运货流分配与组织模式优化

基于高铁快运一地集货和多点发运的开行特点，综合考虑我国未来快递市场的需求变动，提出高铁快运常态化和规模化成网运营后的货流分配与组织模式优化方法，以客运动车组捎带运输货物、预留车厢和高铁快运专列模式下，各OD对间的高铁快运运量为主要决策变量，以总运输成本极小化为目标，构建货流分配混合整数规划模型，计算货流量在高铁快运网络中的分布，得到货流OD运输路线与各高铁快运通道运营组织模式的组合优化方案。通过高铁快运货流OD “三阶段”预测方法，预测城市间的高铁快运需求量作为货流输入，以9个国内快递业务中心城市组成的网络为案例，由Python语言调用Gurobi优化软件求解案例，验证所建模型的有效性。案例结果表明：在运量低谷期使用捎带和预留模式可满足90.7%的运输需求；在运量高峰期部分线路需开行高铁快运专列；运营组织模式可根据OD对间货流量与网络容量的适应性关系进行调整，以充分利用高铁闲置运力，提升运营效益。     

Economic factors affecting the registration of lower CO2 emitting aircraft in Europe

We examine the various forces influencing the development and uptake of environmentally beneficial technical changes, focusing on airline technology. Within this context, we consider not only the nature of competition within the final market in which aircraft, an intermediate product, are sold, but also that of the product market itself, the commercial airline industry. The reasons for the gradual reduction in CO₂ per seat per aircraft movement in aircraft design are examined in terms of the real costs of aviation fuel, changes in the nature of the supply industry, the movement towards carbon cap-trade policies, and endogenous technical progress in the technology of the industry. The latter being taken as an empirical proxy for the role market forms play in influencing the fuel efficiency of the types of aircraft used. The results support the existence of these latter forces on the demand for aircraft types, allowing for other influences that affect aircraft technology.     

Impact of transition between signal timing plans in social cost based in delay,fuel consumption and air emissions

Significant effects of traffic congestion include the cost associated with extra travel time, fuel consumption, and gas emissions. This paper develops a mathematical function to quantify the monetary impact of transition designs between signal timing plans on users and the environment. This function offers an approach to reduce problems such as excessive travel time, pollution emissions and fuel consumption. The proposed social cost function is evaluated for various transition plans to assess the impact of the number of steps required to adjust signal timing. The relationships between delay, fuel consumption and gas emissions and the number of steps needed to achieve the transition are also analysed.     

Analysis of air traffic control operational impact on aircraft vertical profiles supported by machine learning

The Air Traffic Management system is under a paradigm shift led by NextGen and SESAR. The new trajectory-based Concept of Operations is supported by performance-based trajectory predictors as major enablers. Currently, the performance of ground-based trajectory predictors is affected by diverse factors such as weather, lack of integration of operational information or aircraft performance uncertainty.Trajectory predictors could be enhanced by learning from historical data. Nowadays, data from the Air Traffic Management system may be exploited to understand to what extent Air Traffic Control actions impact on the vertical profile of flight trajectories.This paper analyses the impact of diverse operational factors on the vertical profile of flight trajectories. Firstly, Multilevel Linear Models are adopted to conduct a prior identification of these factors. Then, the information is exploited by trajectory predictors, where two types are used: point-mass trajectory predictors enhanced by learning the thrust law depending on those factors; and trajectory predictors based on Artificial Neural Networks.Air Traffic Control vertical operational procedures do not constitute a main factor impacting on the vertical profile of flight trajectories, once the top of descent is established. Additionally, airspace flows and the flight level at the trajectory top of descent are relevant features to be considered when learning from historical data, enhancing the overall performance of the trajectory predictors for the descent phase.     

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对深圳港集装箱以及运输系统的直接货源腹地——珠江三角洲地区以及间接货源腹地——泛珠江三角洲地区的状况作了详细的分析，并且用独立的调查问卷数据和最新的竞争情报分析阐述了其相邻的广州港及惠州港的发展对深圳港货源未来发展的影响。文章还探讨了通过加强珠江水系的运输系统建设，以充分利用珠江三角洲的内陆水运资源来吸引其他邻近省份货源的意义。在国际货源发面，深圳港必须加强国际中转货物的份额，以真正建设成为国际航运中心。