金沙江向家坝重大件码头选址与通航条件研究

为了确保金沙江向家坝水电站重大件运输、装卸的安全、可靠,需对设计初拟的多个港址及相应码头型式,就工程布置、水域条件、船舶进出港条件、靠泊装卸条件及其对金沙江航道的影响等进行对比试验研究,并提出推荐方案和建议,为重大件码头选址和设计提供科学依据。     

会车图像采集技术在铁路货车装载视频监视系统中的应用

介绍在铁路货检作业中,如何利用会车图像采集技术解决当铁路货车装载视频监视系统存在因安装现状条件限制及列车交错运行时而图像采集不全面的问题,提高铁路货检作业的工作效率和准确率.     

Optimal shipment decisions for an airfreight forwarder: Formulation and solution methods

We study the freight forwarder’s shipment planning problem in an airfreight forwarding network where a set of cargo shipments have to be transported to given destinations. We provide mixed integer programming formulations that use piecewise-linear cargo rates and account for volume and weight constraints, flight departure/arrival times, as well as shipment-ready times.After exploring the solution of such models using CPLEX, we devise two solution methodologies to handle large problem sizes. The first is based on Lagrangian relaxation, where the problems decompose into a set of knapsack problems and a set of network flow problems. The second is a local branching heuristic that combines branching ideas and local search. The two approaches show promising results in providing good quality heuristic solutions within reasonable computational times, for difficult and large shipment consolidation problems.     

三峡枢纽碍航经济损失评估方法研究

充分利用机会成本原理,以货物时间价值损失、货物经时损失以及船舶额外营运成本为评价指标,构建船货匹配的经济损失评估模型,为高效航道运输系统建设和区域社会发展评估提供参考。其中,货物时间价值损失测算模型运用科布道格拉斯生产函数思想,考虑长江水文特征、船舶待闸时长及船闸通行能力等因素,构建包含待闸时间敏感系数和船闸饱和度的货物时间价值损失测算公式;货物经时损失测算模型考虑货物品质和货物占用资金的使用效率,利用微分方程,构建分段损失率的货物经时损失测算公式。估算结果显示,当前三峡枢纽碍航造成的经济损失达76亿元,其中集装箱及船舶受损最严重。因此,三峡枢纽管理部门可结合经济损失优化船舶调度计划。     

公路客运小件货物快运包仓定价研究

网上购物快速发展,促使从事网购商品配送的快递物流企业对公路客运中的小件货物快运提出了包仓运输需求.对多家公路长途客运站调研发现,已经开展公路长途客运小件货物快运业务的车站,均没有合理的小件货物快运包仓定价方法作为指导,而是凭经验定价.已有文献,也都是从专事货运的企业为背景展开研究.本文首先分析了小件货物包仓快运业务的参与方,从参与方的视角梳理了包仓运输定价博弈流程.在此基础上,运用鲁宾斯坦恩-斯塔尔议价模型等方法,结合小件货物快运的实际,构建了小件货物包仓快运定价模型,并通过计算实例进行了分析.     

Sound wall barriers: Near roadway dispersion under neutrally stratified boundary layer

With the passage of California Senate Bill 375, which motivates infill development near transit hubs, there is the potential to increase vehicle congestion in residential communities and increase in human exposure to toxic mobile source pollutants. Among all the mitigation strategies that protect near roadway residents from health-affecting vehicular emissions (e.g. separating sensitive receptors from high traffic roadways), this paper discusses the impact of sound wall barriers (SBs) in reducing the air pollution exposure of nearby residents. To date, there have been some studies done to understand the impact of these structures on dispersion of vehicular emissions; however, no definitive conclusion has been drawn yet. The main objective of this paper is to provide more information and details on flow and dispersion affected by barriers through a systematic laboratory simulation of plume dispersion using a water channel. Three sets of experiments were conducted: (1) plume visualizations, (2) plume concentration measurements, and (3) flow velocity measurements. Results from this study shows that the deployment of sound barriers induces a recirculating flow over the roadway which transports the surface released emissions to the upwind side of the roadway, and then shifts the plume upward through an induced updraft motion. Plume visualizations clearly demonstrate that the presence of SBs induce significant vertical mixing and updraft motion on the roadway which increases the initial plume dilution and plume height and consequently results in reduced downwind ground level concentrations. Although different SB configurations result in different localized flow patterns, the dispersion pattern does not change significantly after several SB heights downwind of the roadway.     

Light duty gasoline vehicle emission factors at high transient and constant speeds for short road segments

Vehicle emissions estimates are needed at high spatial and temporal resolution to estimate near-roadway air quality and human exposures. The MOBILE6 emission factor model is based on transient test cycles of less than 65 mph. Correction factors for high speed and constant speed are developed based on vehicle-specific power-based modal models for light duty gasoline vehicles, using data from portable emission measurement systems. At 80 mph versus 65 mph, the estimated average emission rates are greater by 30%, 20%, 80%, and 10% for NO_x, HC, CO, and CO₂. The ratio of constant to average of transient speed emission rates range from 0.49 to 0.94 for NO_x at speeds of 20 mph and 80 mph. The high speed and constant speed correction factors are applied to estimate vehicle emissions for a freeway segment that includes vehicle cruising speeds between 65 and 80 mph. The potential error for not accounting for constant speed operation on a short segment of highway could be 49% at moderate speed and 24% at high speed.     

Influence of coordinated traffic lights parameters on roadside pollutant concentrations

The paper examines the effects of coordinated traffic lights on CO and C₆H₆ roadside concentrations in an urban area of Palermo in Southern Italy. Traffic loop detectors and one pollution-monitoring are used to collect data for use in DRACULA traffic microsimulator software. CO and C₆H₆ roadside concentrations associated with varying cycle and offset times of the coordinated traffic lights are estimated using a neural network. Two functions were set up describing the relations of pollutant concentrations in term of cycle and offset time.     

大交通流量条件下分布式空管系统安全性分析

尽管分布式空中交通管理系统相比集中式系统具有容错性好的特点,但是,随着空中交通流量的增长,由于多米诺效应的影响,系统的稳定性下降,安全性降低.本文建立了大流量条件下分布式系统的安全性计算模型,分析了系统的安全性随空中流量的增长而变化的规律.仿真结果表明在大流量时分布式系统的安全性低于集中式系统.     

美国民用航空预备队建设实践及对我国民航运力动员的启示

对美国民用航空预备队的基本情况及其运行体系、组织体制进行了介绍,并就坚持军民融合、确定民航运力动员建设的目标,坚持平战结合、进一步完善民航运力动员体制,坚持效益优先、着力提高民航系统的战备水平,坚持精确快速、提升信息化民航运力动员能力等方面提出了建议。