A model to identify airport hubs and their importance to tourism in Brazil

Air transportation in Brazil has been recently liberalized and one of the consequences of this process is the concentration of flights in a few hubs. During the years 2006-2007 two fatal accidents created unprecedented chaos in both land and air sides of the system with harmful consequences to tourism in Brazil. The consequences were more airport congestion and many episodes of flight delays and cancellations that lasted for several months. We argue that, among other factors, this state of blackout was a result of the increase in the degree of concentration in few airports, particularly Congonhas (in São Paulo) and Brasília. Using data obtained from a survey with Brazilian experts, a comparison was made with two existing methods (the one used by the US Federal Aviation Administration and the usual Herfindahl-Hirschman method) in order to calculate the number of hubs in Brazil. Due to the huge discrepancy obtained between data from the survey and the other two methods considered, a new mathematical method based on the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index was proposed to identify the number of hubs in a given network. Drawing from the examples of what happened to tourist destinations during and after the air transport crisis in Brazil, the article concludes discussing the need for a more accurate tool to identify and to monitor the concentration of flights at the Brazilian air transportation network and its importance to tourism.     

超大型舱口超厚围板的焊接工艺设计与实施

超大型舱口多用途重吊船舶用于装运超重、超大货物,具有良好的市场前景.文章通过超厚型货舱围板在施工中如何防止焊接裂纹的产生,选择焊接材料、焊接方法及参数等焊接工艺的设计,指导施工,取得了满意的效果。     

利用宏命令计算货油舱蒸汽耗量

详细介绍了如何进行货油舱蒸汽耗量计算,并结合49 000 t原油/成品油船实船设计,利用宏命令自动平衡蒸汽加热系统,使加热时间符合设计要求,提高设计效率。     

采用直线感应电机的城市轨道车辆的技术特点及发展

介绍了城市轨道交通系统,分析直线感应电机的原理.详细分析了采用直线感应电机车辆的技术特点,包括电机特点与控制技术和电机气隙的控制技术.指出直线感应电机系统是一种技术比较成熟的新型城市轨道交通模式,具有良好的发展前景.     

基于VLCC的液货智能管理系统设计技术

基于超大型油船(VLCC),针对液货相关系统展开分析,完成以液货智能管理系统框架设计、液货和货舱监测报警系统集成设计、液货保护系统监测报警系统集成设计、辅助决策设计为四大关键技术的液货智能管理系统的设计研究。在智能船舶1.0的研究背景下,依托招商局能源公司VLCC实船安装的液货智能管理系统,通过对关键数据进行采集和监测分析,实现液货系统的预报警和报警功能,同时为船员提供对应辅助决策。该系统突破了常规油船液货控制及监测系统独立显示和报警的模式,实现了对液货系统状态的集成监测报警、智能管理及辅助决策功能,很大程度地提高了液货系统操作的安全性和便利性。     

吊滚结合的重大件码头装卸工艺设计

重大件的上、下岸工艺分为吊装和滚装2种。结合工程实例,根据某码头腹地重大件运量大、种类多、质量和尺寸变化范围大的特点,设计吊滚结合的重大件装卸工艺,以实现2种工艺的优势互补,提高重大件码头的作业效率以及对货种的适应能力;分析探讨平面布置、工艺设计以及其中几个关键参数的确定;并通过码头通过能力的计算,验证工艺的可行性和效果,为类似工程的设计建设提供参考。     

非洲某散货码头升级改造设计方案探讨

该粮食码头改扩建项目,原码头结构为装卸平台和靠船墩分离式高桩结构,增大设计船型后,原分离式结构的稳定性和安全性不能满足要求。改造设计中,对装卸平台-靠船墩整体连接方案、靠船墩加桩方案进行对比探讨,采用ANSYS有限元软件进行计算分析,从结构稳定安全,控制造价成本和施工便利等方面进行比选,并推荐装卸平台-靠船墩整体方案,可供类似散货码头项目升级改造提供参考。     

船舶结构气幕减振的模型试验研究

对船舶结构气幕减振的模型试验研究作了介绍和讨论。试验模型为铝质,平底,尖首,方尾,开口薄壁型船模,试验在循环水槽中进行,通过2种吃水,2种喷气孔径,5种喷气流量,2种水流速度的选择组合,研究了气幕对船模自由振动,强迫振动和振动阻尼的影响,试验结果表明,气幕对船舶结构的强迫振动响应有较大的抑制作用,有明显的降噪效果,气幕减振有重要的应用前景。     

从SARS疫情启示看新冠肺炎疫情对交通运输行业的影响

为了研究新冠肺炎疫情对交通运输行业造成的影响,首先分析了SARS疫情对交通运输行业的影响,然后结合我国当前经济发展特征,就新冠肺炎疫情对交通运输行业的影响进行了分析。研究认为,新冠肺炎疫情对交通运输行业的影响是短期的,不会造成长期趋势性改变;新冠肺炎疫情对交通运输行业的影响远超过SARS疫情;交通运输各个领域恢复期将表现出明显差异。最后,有针对性地提出一些应对新冠肺炎疫情影响的措施建议,供各级交通运输管理部门决策参考,具体包括切实做好新冠肺炎疫情影响程度更深的应对准备;提供安全可靠的客运服务;不断提升交通运输行业应急处置能力;建立交通运输行业重大危机救助基金。     

Constant speed optimal reciprocal collision avoidance

In this article, the Optimal Reciprocal Collision Avoidance (ORCA) algorithm is modified to make it work for speed constrained aircraft. The adaptation of ORCA to aircraft conflict resolution shows that when the speed norm is constrained, aircraft flying within the same speed range with small angle converging trajectories tend to remain on parallel tracks, preventing a resolution of the conflict. The ORCA algorithm is slightly modified to avoid this behavior. In the new algorithm called CSORCA (Constant Speed Optimal Reciprocal Collision Avoidance), the directions of the semi-plane used to calculate the conflict free maneuvers are modified when the relative speed vector is in the semi-circular part of the conflicting area. After explaining the reasons that make the original algorithm fail in the constant speed environment, the modification made on the algorithm is detailed and its impact on a simple example is shown. The new strategy is also compared to an Add-Up strategy close to the Airborne Separation Assurance System (ASAS) strategy found in the literature. Hundreds of fast time simulations are then performed to compare the two versions of the algorithm for different traffic densities in the horizontal plane. In these simulations the speed norm is first constrained. The aircraft can only change direction with a limited turning rate. Simulations with released speed constraints are then performed to compare the behavior of both algorithms in a more general environment. In all the scenarios tested, CSORCA is more efficient than ORCA to solve conflicts.