凌志400型轿车安全气囊的检修

介绍了丰田凌志４００型轿车安全气囊的组成、工作原理、故障代码的读取和清除，以及安全气囊检修的注意事项。     

浙江港口区域化发展模式和策略

为了更好地发挥港口作用,推动区域经济发展,根据港口区域化发展理论,结合浙江港口发展现状,分析港口区域化发展的意义,在此基础上研究浙江港口区域化发展模式,进而重点研究浙江港口区域化发展的可行性策略.为此,基于现代供应链思想,提出了港腹融合、功能协作、基础设施整合和提升、营运一体化和信息化等五大发展策略,以大力促进浙江经济乃至整个长三角区域经济的发展.     

从宏观经济形势看中重型卡车的技术战略

基于我国GDP走势、社会货运总量、国内工业化进程、产业结构升级、发展地区调整等宏观经济因素导致的公路运输供给和需求分析,结合东风商用车市场研究,探索我国重化工业阶段国内卡车市场需求的发展趋势和技术战略。     

出行者特征要素对公交服务模式的影响分析

公共交通是面向大众的服务,公共交通服务模式的制定与完善需要重点考虑出行者的出行需求,才能从根本上提高公共交通的竞争力。借鉴服务经济学的理论将公共交通服务模式分为公交服务标准、出行者界面、公交服务环境和技术4个维度。基于攀枝花市居民出行调查与公交专项调查数据,应用SPSS定量分析出行者特征要素与公交服务选择的相关性,以考察研究出行者对于公交服务的需求,并提出改善策略。通过研究表明,出行目的、出行时间、职业和年龄与公交服务模式的相关性较大。     

基于货运强度变化规律的货运量预测方法

目前我国部分地区货运量统计数据存在收集不全、统计口径不一致及社会经济环境变化大等问题,导致常规的时间序列预测法和回归预测法难以在这些地区应用。鉴于此,分析了国内外货运强度变化的规律,指出人均GDP和第三产业所占比例是影响货运强度的主要因子,提出了通过模糊聚类方法对地区货运发展阶段进行定位,找出其发展阶段所对应的货运强度值,进而提出依据人均GDP和第三产业所占比例进行货运量预测的方法。最后对邢台市的货运量预测进行了实证研究。     

Experimental design influences on stated choice outputs: An empirical study in air travel choice

Discrete choice experiments are conducted in the transport field to obtain data for investigating travel behaviour and derived measures such as the value of travel time savings. The multinomial logit (MNL) and other more advanced discrete choice models (e.g., the mixed MNL model) have often been estimated on data from stated choice experiments and applied for planning and policy purposes. Determining efficient underlying experimental designs for these studies has become an increasingly important stream of research, in which the objective is to generate stated choice tasks that maximize the collected information, yielding more reliable parameter estimates. These theoretical advances have not been rigorously tested in practice, such that claims on whether the theoretical efficiency gains translate into practice cannot be made. Using an extensive empirical study of air travel choice behaviour, this paper presents for the first time results of different stated choice experimental design approaches, in which respective estimation results are compared. We show that D-efficient designs keep their promise in lowering standard errors in estimating, thereby requiring smaller sample sizes, ceteris paribus, compared to a more traditional orthogonal design. The parameter estimates found using an orthogonal design or an efficient design turn out to be statistically different in several cases, mainly attributed to more or less dominant alternatives existing in the orthogonal design. Furthermore, we found that small designs with a limited number of choice tasks performs just as good (or even better) than a large design. Finally, we show that theoretically predicted sample sizes using the so-called S-estimates provide a good lower bound. This paper will enable practitioners in better understanding the potential benefits of efficient designs, and enables policy makers to make decisions based on more reliable parameter estimates.     

Much Ado about Nothing? - An analysis of economic impacts and ecologic effects of the EU-emission trading scheme in the aviation industry

From 2012 on, all CO₂ emissions from flights departing from or arriving at airports within the European Union have to be offset. We analyze the economic and ecological impacts that are caused by an inclusion of the aviation industry into the proposed emissions trading scheme (ETS). Building on the now fixed system design we employ a simulation model to estimate the impacts of the scheme. Our results indicate that financial impacts are highly dependant on external settings, such as allowance prices and demand growth. We show that the financial burden on the aviation industry will be rather modest in the first years after the introduction of the system and therefore induce only low competition distortions. Likewise, emission reductions within air transportation will be comparably low. While aviation will induce a decline of emissions in other sectors, significant absolute reductions within air transportation can only be reached by a more restrictive system design.     

灰色模型在中长期用水量预测中的应用

为实现供水管网经济、可靠、科学的规划改扩建,给出一种基于记录时间较短、历史数据较少的用水量序列的GM(1,1)预测方法。该预测方法把原始用水量序列累加处理生成新序列后,用指数关系式拟合,通过构造参数矩阵,确定辩识参数,建立灰色模型的微分方程。通过对灰色预测方法建模机理的研究建立城市用水量预测GM(1,1)模型,并以东北某大型城市用水量为原始数据进行实际预测,模型精度检验的结果表明该模型的预测等级为高精度预测。该预测方法应用于S市的中长期用水量预测,为S市供水规划改扩建提供有效依据。     

不同类型交通需求管理实践与探索——以深圳市为例

交通需求管理是大城市交通政策的重要组成部分,提出了基于实施难易影响因素的交通需求管理措施分类,总结了深圳从20世纪90年代中期开始相继实施的一系列相对较易实施的交通需求管理措施情况,分析展望需进一步考虑的交通需求管理措施。针对交通拥挤收费这一较难及重大的需求管理措施,回顾了深圳探索性研究拥挤收费方案,包括交通拥挤收费总体调控目标、收费区域范围、收费模式与时段、收费系统技术选型等,分析了实施面临的困难,并提出了实施突破与替代的建议。     

上海港集装箱货运量预测及拼箱作业节点建议

首先,分析了上海港港口集疏运现状,并采用灰色预测模型对上海港口未来年集装箱货运量进行预测;其次,结合上海港历年的进出口集装箱比例及上海港总体规划,预测未来年进出口集装箱量比例及未来年外高桥港区和洋山港的集装箱分担比;再次,针对未来年产生的集装箱货运需求,着重分析未来年集装箱货运对上海疏港道路(主要为北部过江隧道、东海大桥)的交通影响;最后,借鉴日本成田机场原木物流园区的货运组织方式,提出在沪宁和沪杭方向分别设置一个货运集散点,作为集装箱拆拼箱作业区的建议。