关于重载铁路货车缓冲器技术的研究

通过对国内外重载货车缓冲器的发展趋势和存在问题的分析,结合大秦线重载列车运输试验结果的研究,对我国重载货车缓冲器的主要性能参数的选取、试验及评定方法提出了建议。     

Bridge and tunnel toll elasticities in New York

In 1992, the authors carried out a statistical analysis of Triborough Bridge and Tunnel Authority (TBTA) crossings in New York City, to determine the impact of toll increases on traffic volumes and revenue. Using twelve years of monthly time-series data, we developed a set of multiple regression models that estimated traffic volumes on each TBTA bridge and tunnel as a function of the toll level and other explanatory variables. In most cases, the estimated toll elasticities were negative and much less than 1.0 in absolute value; the median toll elasticity for automobiles was found to be –0.10. Our finding that automobile travel demand is highly inelastic with respect to toll rates is consistent with most previous travel demand studies.     

Trucking industry demand for urban shared use freight terminals

The issue of shared use urban freight facilities first received attention during the 1970s when it was observed that, while inter-urban freight movements were becoming increasingly efficient, there were significant diseconomies in the movement of freight via truck within urban areas. Early research suggested that shared urban freight facilities should be constructed so that trucking companies could consolidate smaller shipments into larger ones. In the past few years, the concept of Urban Ports has gained increasing attention, not just for carriers who need to load and unload freight, but to provide a place near the urban center for truckers to wait out peak traffic periods. In this paper, using recently developed survey data, we examine trucking company interest in such facilities by examining the results of an ordered probit demand model.     

交叉口动态车道与交通信号协同优化方法

以往动态车道研究倾向于在固定信号配时或预先设定的信号配时方案下进行优化,无法充分利用交叉口的时空资源.本文根据实时交通需求,以交叉口车辆平均延误最小为目标,以信号周期、相位绿灯时间和车道数为约束条件,构建动态车道与交通信号协同优化模型.模型分两部分,第1部分考虑进出口道车道平衡,计算可行的动态车道备选方案,将备选方案的输出参数作为第2部分模型的输入参数;第2部分根据实时交通需求,生成动态车道优化方案和信号优化方案.将本文优化方法与传统信号配时方法进行比较,实验结果表明,本文模型能更好地降低交叉口平均延误,有效提升信号交叉口时空资源利用率.     

内蒙古公路交通需求预测系统开发构想

交通需求预测是路网规划和公路建设项目可行性研究的核心内容。现有商业交通需求预测软件以国外软件为主,这些软件价格昂贵,并且没有进行良好的本土化改造,不利于使用。因此开发适合国情、区情的公路交通需求预测软件具有十分重大的意义。文章构建了内蒙古公路交通需求预测系统开发的基本框架,分析了交通需求预测软件的基本内容和技术路线。     

杭州市道路交通高峰拥堵成因分析与对策研究

该文首先对交通拥堵的时空特征进行系统总结,从交通供给(路网、公交、停车、交通管理)与交通需求(人口与用地功能分布、小汽车拥有量与使用率)两方面分析了交通拥堵形成的深层次原因。在此基础上,从城市空间结构调整、交通出行结构调整、基础设施的功能提升与结构完善、管理科学化、长效交通评估机制的建立等角度,提出对杭州市交通拥堵应对策略的建议。最后指出,改善城市交通拥堵状况将是一项长期而艰巨的系统工程,任何急功近利的"头痛医头、脚痛医脚"的短期行为都无助于交通拥堵的有效缓解,交通结构的优化调整及合理的交通需求管理才是最终缓解交通拥堵的有效手段。     

某出口右盘轻型载货汽车空调系统项目开发总结

空调系统是目前江铃轻型载货汽车的标准配置,随着江铃汽车出口的增加,为满足相关国家多为右置转向盘的要求,企业开发右盘车的原动力也在增加。本文从开发一款右盘轻型载货汽车项目(N698项目,以下简称N698)出发,较全面地介绍了空调系统开发背景、开发原理、开发目标;较系统地阐述了整个空调系统的开发内容和布置形式,并对空调系统的开发进行了详细总结。     

基于灰色马尔科夫模型的重庆市水运货运量的预测*

通过对重庆水运发展现状的研究,根据马尔科夫理论及灰色预测模型,将灰色GM模型与马尔科夫状态转移矩阵相结合,建立了预测重庆水运货运量的灰色马尔科夫模型,并通过实际预测发现,该模型的预测精度明显高于灰色预测模型的预测结果,并预测了2011—2012年重庆市水运货运量。     

城市慢行系统规划方法研究——以厦门市同安新城及环东海域东部新城为例

为提高慢行系统规划方法对具体实践工作的指导性和操作性,研究提出基于使用者需求分析的慢行系统规划"需求引导法",用于指导宏观层面和中观层面的慢行系统规划。"需求引导法"的操作过程首先通过分析山水格局和用地结构,建立慢行系统初始方案,其次对初始方案进行需求侧要素点和供给侧要素点两方面的评价,并根据评价结果对初始方案进行多轮优化调整,从而构建宏观层面供需平衡的慢行骨架系统。中观层面根据组团功能、慢行交通集聚程度划分慢行分区,并结合路网条件供给,提出各分区的慢行发展模式。最后以厦门市为例说明"需求引导法"的操作过程。     

Workers wanted: Changing employee accessibility with industrial development ─ Evidence from Foxconn

In response to the trends of manufacturing revitalization and workforce shortage in the U.S., this study investigates how Foxconn changes accessibility to industrial employees by automobile and by transit in Southeast Wisconsin. Results suggest that there is a mismatch between the Foxconn site and the areas with high accessibility to industrial employees. With a great demand for labor, Foxconn reduces employee accessibility by automobile throughout the region, while its impact on employee accessibility by transit is more localized. The results inform industrial firm locations, workforce housing development, and transportation service provisions. The analysis framework shifts the angle of accessibility research to focusing on the perspective of employers, and it can be applied to investigate future large-scale economic development projects.