重载组合货运列车纵向力的分析以及操作控制策略

文章对重载组合货运列车的编组方式进行了阐述,对牵引和制动两种工况下产生纵向冲击力的机理及大小进行了理论分析,对由于纵向冲击力过大而存在的安全风险进行了阐述,并且针对如何减小纵向冲击力提出了重载货运组合列车的操作控制策略。     

C_0-C_0轴式大功率货运电力机车牵引装置技术难点分析及对策

目前货运电力机车正朝着重载大功率方向发展,其中C0-C0六轴大功率货运电力机车又是重点发展的车型。大功率货运电力机车要求牵引装置具有低的牵引点高度、更高的结构强度。同时,大功率牵引电机的尺寸大,底部限界的要求也限制了牵引装置的设计空间。文章结合HXD1B型电力机车牵引装置,重点分析了该结构是如何满足六轴大功率货运电力机车要求的。     

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在借鉴国外铁路旅客服务信息系统发展水平的基础上，结合我国实际，详细分析了铁路旅客旅行消费需求及铁路客运生产管理部门的业务需求;据此提出铁路旅客综合服务信息系统功能结构的初步设想;最后给出系统的网络结构.     

技术站列车编组计划要素t节计算方法的商榷

货车无改编通过技术站的车小时节省t节是计算技术站列车编组计划的要素,其准确性直接影响到计算结果.现行计算方法使t节的取值偏小,实践上也无法操作.本文认为在计算中不应减去t集,通过分析货车在技术站进行无调、有调中转作业的车辆停留时间,并考虑到车辆改编作业成本,修正了t节的计算公式.     

大型货车对线路动力影响的研究

基于轮轨系统耦合动力学原理，应用车辆一轨道垂向系统统一模型及计算机仿真软件，分析了大型铁路货车对线路的动力影响与危害，并讨论了宜所采用的车辆技术对策。通过对新设计的大型货车方案进行轮轨动力作用性能预测，论证了我国发展低动力作用大型货车运输体系的切实可行性。     

基于S7-200 PLC和TP170A的船舶中央空调综合控制系统的实现

本文利用S7-200PLC实现船舶中央空调的综合控制和管理，对制冷压缩机进行有级能量调节，温度和湿度实现PID和PWM控制，达到了节能和操作方便的效果。     

A methodology for identifying similar days in air traffic flow management initiative planning

This article describes a methodology for selecting days that are comparable in terms of the conditions faced during air traffic flow management initiative planning. This methodology includes the use of specific data sources, specific features of calendar days defined using these data sources, and the application of a specific form of classification and then cluster analysis. The application of this methodology will produce results that enable historical analysis of the use of initiatives and evaluation of the relative success of different courses of action. Several challenges are overcome here including the need to identify the appropriate machine learning algorithms to apply, to quantify the differences between calendar days, to select features describing days, to obtain appropriate raw data, and to evaluate results in a meaningful way. These challenges are overcome via a review of relevant literature, the identification and trial of several useful models and data sets, and careful application of methods. For example, the cluster analysis that ultimately selects sets of similar days uses a distance metric based on variable importance measures from a separate classification model of observed initiatives. The methodology defined here is applied to the New York area, although it could be applied by other researchers to other areas.     

A GIS‐based method to identify cost‐effective routes for rural deviated fixed route transit

Deviated fixed route transit (DFRT) service connecting rural and urban areas is a growing transportation mode in the USA. Little research has been done to develop frameworks for route design. A methodology to explore the most cost‐effective DFRT route is presented in this paper. The inputs include potential DFRT demand distribution and a road network. A heuristic is used to build possible routes by starting at urban cores and extending in all network directions in certain length increments. All the DFRT routes falling in the length range desired by the users are selected. The cost effectiveness of those routes, defined by operating cost per passenger trip, is compared. The most cost‐effective route is selected and presented in a GIS map. A case study illustrates the methodology in several Tennessee metropolitan regions. The most cost‐effective route length is case specific; some routes (e.g. those out of our Nashville case) are most cost effective when short, while others (e.g. those out of Memphis) are most cost effective when long. Government agencies could use the method to identify routes with the lowest operating cost per passenger given a route length or an operating cost budget. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Short/medium-term prediction for the aviation emissions in the en route airspace considering the fluctuation in air traffic demand

This paper proposes a novel short/medium-term prediction method for aviation emissions distribution in en route airspace. An en route traffic demand model characterizing both the dynamics and the fluctuation of the actual traffic demand is developed, based on which the variation and the uncertainty of the short/medium-term traffic growth are predicted. Building on the demand forecast the Boeing Fuel Flow Method 2 is applied to estimate the fuel consumption and the resulting aviation emissions in the en route airspace. Based on the traffic demand prediction and the en route emissions estimation, an aviation emissions prediction model is built, which can be used to forecast the generation of en route emissions with uncertainty limits. The developed method is applied to a real data set from Hefei Area Control Center for the en route emission prediction in the next 5 years, with time granularities of both months and years. To validate the uncertainty limits associated with the emission prediction, this paper also presents the prediction results based on future traffic demand derived from the regression model widely adopted by FAA and Eurocontrol. The analysis of the case study shows that the proposed method can characterize well the dynamics and the fluctuation of the en route emissions, thereby providing satisfactory prediction results with appropriate uncertainty limits. The prediction results show a gradual growth at an average annual rate of 7.74%, and the monthly prediction results reveal distinct fluctuation patterns in the growth.     

基于各方主体经济利益实现的长效治理超限超载对策研究

为了防止超限超载运输的反弹,有必要研究治理超限超载运输的长效机制。运用经济学原理,通过建立利润模型分析了治理超限超载对运输企业、道路经营者、低附加值产品生产者、原材料需求者相关利益主体的影响。提出只有超限超载中涉及各方利益主体的经济利益都能得到有效补偿,才能真正走出超限超载怪圈。保证资源流动过程动力链的连续性,是长效治理超限超载的根本;完善货运市场组织结构,建立良性的市场结构模式是长效治理超限超载的关键。实现上述条件的基础是,存在一个良好的有序竞争的货运市场。因此,治理超限超载不应仅仅停留在对车辆的查超上,应通过治理超限超载来整合整个货运市场,建立一个有序竞争的货运市场。