Framing the Nexus of Globalisation,Logistics and Manufacturing in Europe

Abstract

Under the ongoing influence of globalisation, supply chains have changed significantly. New logistics and manufacturing systems have emerged, causing longer transport distances and increasing transport emissions. The existing research into the sustainability impacts of freight transport has largely viewed it as being a macro-level economic and political phenomenon and has ignored the interdependencies amongst micro-level economic actors, including firms and businesses in the private sector. In this paper, we presume that the lack of conceptualisation of freight transport in relation to wider institutional contexts and firm behaviour results in the lack of a holistic approach to understanding freight governance in the face of globalisation. We argue for the use of institutional economic geography lenses to elucidate the distribution networks of emerging logistics and manufacturing practices and its implications for freight transport. We illustrate our argument through a broad look at the European logistics and manufacturing practices and global production.     

全垫升气垫船操纵运动研究

本文用大振幅平面运动机构对全垫升气垫船模型进行了约束试验，测得了作用在船上的水动力，在此基础上用计算机解气垫船操纵运动微分方程，预报气垫船的回转性能，并与实船试验的结果进行了比较，两者吻合较好。     

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与发达国家不同,我国正处于快速城镇化发展阶段,迫切需要在运输需求预测理论与方法上的创新.为了更科学地进行运输需求预测工作,从而对运输需求有系统精准的把握,基于"运输系统是一类开放的复杂巨系统"及"运输需求预测是一类复杂性问题"的认知,将系统工程中"从定性到定量"的综合集成方法论引入运输需求预测之中,提出基于综合集成方法论的运输需求预测方法,并给出具体执行操作流程.以浙江省城际轨道交通客流预测为例,将研究成果应用于实际的工程项目之中,验证了其有效性.实践结果表明,"从定性到定量"、"人机结合,以人为主"的运输需求预测综合集成方法能够较好地保证预测结论的准度和精度,同时也具有较强的可操作性.     

在居民收入翻番的同时如何控制物价大幅上涨

本文从调整国民收入初次分配、改善居民内部分配结构、驱动“三驾马车”均衡发展等三个方面探讨了在居民收入翻番的同时,如何控制物价大幅上涨。提出政府和企业应让利,使居民收入与国民经济增长速度基本同步;控制高收入群体未来8年的收入增长幅度,以免低收入群体收入“被增长;合理提高消费增长速度,适度放缓投资及出口增长速度,使三大需求的增长与供给的增长相协调,既可以保持国民经济的健康快速增长,又可以抑制价格总水平过大幅度的上涨。     

广东省货运代理业发展现状、存在问题及其对策研究

广东省经济与贸易的快速发展带动了本省及周边地区水路运输业的发展。广东省水运业的快速发展催生了大量水运服务（特别是货运代理）业务需求,货代业已发展成为具有一定规模的新兴服务产业。本文基于对广东省货运代理业发展现状和存在问题的分析提出促进广东省货运代理业的发展对策：提高货代从业人员素质,加大专业的人才储备;落实好货代行业新标准,加强行业自律;客户需要个性化的服务,企业推出差异化服务来赢得生存空间;加强信息化建设,增强企业核心竞争力。     

《北京交通发展纲要（2004-2020）》实施情况及评估

在北京市进入社会经济现代化、城市化和机动化高速发展时期,交通形势十分严峻的背景下,北京市颁布了《北京交通发展纲要（2004-2020）》（以下简称《纲要》）。对“纲要》颁布以来北京交通取得的成就进行评估,在此基础上总结北京交通发展的成功经验并反思发展过程中存在的问题,为《纲要》的进一步修编提供参考。     

Workplace travel plans: can they be evaluated effectively by experts?

Employers are regularly involved in transport planning and characteristic workplace-oriented tools include: (1) travel plans for building projects, (2) mandatory travel plans, (3) subsidies to employers with an advanced travel plan and (4) best travel plan awards. In all cases, experts judge the level of car use. We argue that decision-makers might benefit from a multiple regression-based benchmark modelling tool that estimates the expected share of the car. In this paper, we estimate the share of car users in the commuting modal split at workplaces. However, since the amount of information available to experts differs, we gradually add information to the model to measure the impact of data availability. Without historic data on modal split, the current share can only be predicted moderately well, i.e. within a 20% range. Besides adding the past, results improve by using homogenous and regional subsamples. Nevertheless, quantitative analyses do not make expert knowledge obsolete.     

Identifying Governance Relationships Between Intermodal Terminals and Logistics Platforms

Abstract

Governance theory examines different ways of managing resources and relationships in order to achieve a desired outcome. This paper applies governance theory to intermodal terminals and logistics platforms, extending previous work on ownership to include different operational models. An inductive methodology is used to derive a typology of governance relationships from an analysis of the transport and logistics literature. The classification developed in this paper explores different kinds of integration that can help support growth of intermodal transport services. The understanding of transport governance is extended via three key relationships: first, between the logistics platform and the site tenants (therefore, encouraging consolidation and efficiencies that can boost rail services at the site); second, between the terminal operator and rail service provision (which can aid service planning and train loading factors); and third, between the inland site (either terminal, logistics platform or both) and port(s), (thus enabling better planning and efficiency of port rail shuttles).     

Integrated smart feeder/shuttle transit service: simulation of new routing strategies

The idea of designing an integrated smart feeder/shuttle service stemmed from the need to overcome the problem of using an excessive number of cars arriving and parking at a train station within the same time span. This problem results in high parking demand around the train station. Moreover, some potential train riders will, instead, use their cars and hence become a party to increasing the traffic congestion. This work develops a new idea of an integrated and innovative feeder/shuttle system with new operating and routing concepts. The fulfilled objectives are as follows: (i) to construct and examine different operating strategies from both the user and operator perspectives; (ii) to examine different routing models and scenarios; and (iii) to construct a simulation tool for (i) and (ii). Ten different routing strategies are examined, with all the combinations of fixed/flexible routes, fixed/flexible schedules, a unidirectional or bidirectional concept, and shortcut (shortest path) and/or short‐turn (turnaround) concepts. These strategies are investigated by employing a simulation model specifically developed and constructed for this purpose. This simulation model is used in a case study of Castro Valley in California in which the feeder/shuttle service is coordinated with the Bay Area Rapid Transit service, and the 10 routing strategies are compared in regard to four fleet‐size scenarios. One of the interesting results found is that the fixed‐route and flexible‐route concepts are comparable in performance measures when applying a combination of operating strategies. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Evaluating Flexible Transport Solutions

Abstract

Flexible transport services (FTS) have been of increasing interest in developing countries as a bridge between the use of personal car travel and fixed route transit services. This paper reports on findings from a recent study in Queensland Australia, which identified lessons from an international review and implications for Australia. Potential strategic directions, including a vision, mission, key result areas, strategies, and identified means of measuring performance are described. Evaluation criteria for assessing flexible transport proposals were developed, and approaches to identifying and assessing needs and demands outlined. The use of emerging technologies is also a key element of successful flexible transport services.