考虑支路路段双向车流相互影响的单向交通组织优化

考虑支路路段双向车流相互影响的因素,从道路负荷与公平性的角度出发,优化单向交通组织方案。建立一主多从的双层规划模型,上层规划是多目标规划,以单行交通组织方案为决策,以路段饱和度超限量最小化降低道路负荷、以车辆绕行系数最小化提高公平性。下层规划是考虑支路路段双向车流相互影响的均衡交通分配(每个点对之间的最短路各自由1个下层规划确定,但所有下层规划确定的最短路可一次性求解)。双层规划可用模拟退火算法求解,求解效果明显优于支路路段通行能力等量划分为双向分道行驶的传统优化方法。     

北京轨道交通车站衔接规划方法及其思考

论述交通衔接作为地铁出行的重要环节,直接影响地铁客流吸引力和交通系统的整体运转效率,在规划工作中备受关注.基于北京近些年多条地铁线路的衔接规划实践,提出“面-线-点”系统的衔接规划方法体系;结合北京的城市用地布局和交通出行特点,得出操作性较强的衔接设施的设置原则;同时,针对当前交通衔接发展的新需求进行初步探讨.     

广交会大客流下的地铁运营组织

阐明在第108界广交会(中国进出口商品交易会)举办期间,大客流对广州地铁的运营组织造成巨大压力,在对地铁客流进行预测和分析的基础上,提出在广交会举办期间客运组织的5项对策和行车组织的4项对策.实践证明,该方案为广交会的成功举办提供了坚实的后勤保障和优质的服务.     

基于高地联动的城市快速路交通提升策略研究

随着社会经济的发展,城市快速路交通呈现常态化拥堵运行状态,因此亟需开展交通综合提升研究。以苏州市内环某快速路为例,基于多源数据科学研判交通拥堵问题的成因,运用高地联动的优化策略,以全局最优、系统协同理念制定交通提升实施方案。根据交通流的溯源分析,寻找可能的分流通道。一方面,通过工程措施提升分流通道的通行能力;另一方面,通过快速路的交通管理方案,诱导快速路上的短途交通转入分流通道,均衡快速路和分流通道的流量分布,从而有效缓解快速路的交通拥堵。     

Total cost analysis: An alternative to benefit-cost analysis in evaluating transportation alternatives

This paper explains the theory in support of total cost analysis (TCA) to compare transportation system alternatives. The full costs of each alternative are first aggregated, including travel time costs and monetizable environmental and social costs. Many costs which are considered on the benefits side of the equation in benefit-cost analysis (BCA) as "cost savings" are brought over to the costs side. Total cost differences among alternatives are then traded off against their estimated non-monetized benefits or impacts, just as a consumer trades off product quality against cost before deciding which product he or she will buy. One advantage of TCA over traditional BCA is that the concept of "total cost" is more easily understood by the public and by political decision-makers than BCA concepts such as "net present worth", "benefit-cost ratio" and "internal rate of return". A second advantage is that there is no suggestion that all "benefits" have been considered; decision-makers are free to use their own value judgements to trade off total cost against non-monetizable social, environmental and economic impacts, just as they trade off quality and convenience against cost when purchasing goods and services in their roles as consumers. The TCA approach is demonstrated in this paper through a case study of two systemwide alternatives for the Baltimore, MD urban area.     

Uncertain demand,modal competition and optimal price-capacity adjustments in air transportation

A new microeconomic model for the operation of an airline facing modal competition with uncertain total demand is developed to analyze optimal price capacity combinations. The novelty is the treatment of the capacity restriction, which is not viewed as affecting negatively individual preferences (e.g. probability of a full flight), but does influence aggregate utility. A mode choice model is used to represent unrestricted individual preferences assuming full availability (phone call demand); air capacity is treated as a variable that acts on the actual choice set. Restricted choices and total demand stochasticity are integrated in welfare calculations (users' benefits and profits). Numerical examples are given and results are analyzed in terms of load factors fare levels, and sensitivity to the stochasticity of requests.This research was partially funded by FONDECYT, Chile, Direction Génerale de l'Aviation Civile, France, the Andes Foundation and the Fulbright Commission.     

不同还原过程空燃比大小对降低稀燃汽油机NOx排放的试验研究

运用自行开发设计的稀燃发动机电控系统和催化系统，对稀燃汽油机运用吸附还原催化法在不同的还原过程空燃比条件下降低NOx的排放进行了研究。试验结果表明，还原过程空燃比越小，吸附还原催化器吸附的NOx还原就越彻底，汽油机排出的NOx也越少。但稀燃汽油机的燃油消耗率增加，经济性变差。     

安全气囊气体发生器壳体精密成形方法的研究

论述了安全气囊气体发生器壳体的基本结构形式及其不同的成形方法。提出了流动控制成形力的计算公式、控制腔位置的判断准则及其形状和尺寸的设计方法。通过试验表明，所开发的流动控制成形技术可节约原材料、提高工作效率及产品质喇，具有显著的技术经济效益。     

交通信息服务条件下的出行选择分析

首先 ,探讨了出行者的出行心理、行为以及信息之间的相互关系 ,在此基础上 ,简要分析了出行者的出行选择。其次 ,考虑在交通信息服务条件下 ,由于出行者本身以及信息方面的原因 ,出行选择可能出现过激反应、集聚反应等问题。最后 ,针对上述问题 ,提出应该加以重视的或有待进一步研究的几个问题。     

一种新的交通流矢量场微观模型

在分析非机动车行驶特性的基础上 ,根据场的理论与相关的交通流理论 ,用矢量表示非机动车的速度与加速度 ,综合考虑周围所有运动物体与道路的影响 ,建立了一种新的非机动车流矢量场微观模型 ,仿真与回归分析的结果证明该模型能准确地实现非机动车的交通特点