The response of the legal system to technological innovation in aquaculture: A comparative study of mariculture legislation in California,Florida and Maine

This article examines salt‐water aquaculture (mariculture) legislation in California, Florida, and Maine, as illustrative of one generic response of the law to aquacultural innovation. Unlike aquacultural legislation in other states, generally drafted to restrict leasing of coastal waters for specific existing technologies, the legislation studied represents a more flexible approach which would accommodate new technologies. Analysis of specific provisions of the three laws indicates the complexity of the issues involved and a variety of mechanisms selected for regulating mariculture, and identifies different state priorities and goals. This report concludes that whereas broadly drafted legislation exemplified by the statutes under study is more likely to accommodate new mariculture technologies than piecemeal legislation, there are a number of complex issues that must be identified and resolved in order to achieve the desired results. The failure of each of the states to respond fully to the broad range of issues involved may inhibit aquacultural innovation or unduly restrict nonaquacultural uses of the coastal zone.     

环境保护问题的法律调整模式分析

政府直接管制与基于市场的经济手段在环境公共政策的调整领域都有其有利的地位,环境政策的关键在于寻找市场调节与政府直接干预的均衡点,以达到环境保护与经济发展协调的目的。本文从外部性、公共产品、信息不对称三个使“市场失灵”的角度分析了环境保护问题的法律调整模式,认为解决环境问题需要“看得见的手”和“看不见的手”兼而用之。     

基于虚拟样机技术的空气悬架客车平顺性仿真研究

针对某中型客车，利用ADAMS软件建立了空气悬架客车动力学仿真模型，并进行了随机路面输入及三角凸台路面输入的平顺性仿真分析。仿真结果与试验数据对比表明，在测量点处的最大加速度、自功率谱密度及其对应的频率点比较接近，说明所建立的仿真模型是准确的。对影响客车平顺性的2个参数在ADAMS中进行了优化。     

基于参数自调整模糊控制方法的半主动空气悬架仿真分析

基于参数自调整模糊控制方法对半主动空气悬架系统进行了仿真分析和试验验证．以某空气悬架大客车1／4车辆模型为仿真对象，设计了参数自调整的模糊控制器，并以随机路面为输入、悬架动行程为约束条件、簧载质量振动加速度和车轮动载荷为评价指标，对模型进行了计算机仿真，同时依据仿真模型设计了空气悬架试验台。仿真和试验结果表明，当汽车行驶工况变化时，引入参数自调整模糊控制方法可以有效降低簧载质量振动加速度和车轮动载荷。     

公路水毁的破坏型式、成因及防治对策初步研究

依据2003年陕西省公路水毁的调查资料,对公路的水毁破坏型式进行了分析归纳,并对其成因进行了探讨,结合路基工程类型和工程实例,提出了防治对策,对预防和治理公路破坏具有一定的理论和实际意义。     

智能交通系统的现状及发展

论述了智能交通系统的组成及国内外智能交通系统发展状况,对我国智能交通系统的环境、任务现状、发展进行了分析并提出了建议。智能交通系统作为运用现代信息技术将交通四要素“人-车-路-环境”有机结合在一起的系统工程,将从根本上解决困扰现代交通的安全、通畅、节能和环保问题。     

我国动车组维修管理方式探讨

分析我国首条客运提速线——广深线所用瑞典X2000和国产“蓝箭”2种动车组的运用维制青况,从发挥动车组运输效率、方便维护的角度,对我国电动车组的研制与检修管理提出了建议。     

风冷柴油发动机烧瓦抱轴故障原因分析

烧瓦抱轴是风冷柴油机的常见故障，经分析认为主要是由高温，润滑油劣化和修理不当造成的，在使用过程中应注意保持风冷柴油机各散热片通道畅通和一定的风室压力，使用生产厂家指定的润滑油和采用合理的轴承修理装配工艺。     

Regulating transport’s environmental impacts in a deregulating world

In recent years, a growing awareness of the environmental impacts of transport has played a major part in the shift towards policies to manage the demand for travel. As a result, a substantial increase in the role of public transport has been identified as necessary in any strategy towards more environmentally sustainable transport patterns. At the same time there has been a quite separate process of deregulation and the withdrawal of the state from the transport market. These two trends appear to represent potentially contradictory processes. This article draws upon two major studies that explore the relationship between increasing needs for environmental regulation and the privatisation of bus and rail services. It is shown that, as currently organised in Britain, the development of bus and rail services are inadequately linked to strategic environmental policymaking and, rather than being part of the solution to transport’s environmental impacts, there is a real danger that these ‘green’ methods of transport could slide into simply being part of the problem itself. It is concluded that privatisation and deregulation does not mean the end of the need for policy mechanisms, but they do mean that policy has to be implemented in a very different way.     

用LDA研究柴油机涡流室内空气运动

本文介绍了采用二维氩离子ＬＤＡ（激光多普勒测速仪）对柴油机涡流室内空气运动特性的最新测试结果。测量结果表明：涡流室内气体平均速度及紊流强度仅为发动机曲轴转角的函数，在上止点附近随发动机转速升高，最大值出现时刻相对曲轴转角位置基本保持不变。这一点区别于使用ＨＷＡ（热线风速仪）对涡流室的测量。吊钟型涡流室内的空气涡流以刚体涡流为主。本文描述了吊钟型涡流运动中涡核的运动轨迹，提出了进一步改进涡流燃烧系统