新型铣磨车磨粉收集装置设计参数研究

新型铣磨车磨粉收集装置可及时、高效地输送磨盘打磨钢轨产生的磨粉,有效防止磨粉在管道中堆积。磨粉收集装置的核心是风机和风管。本文具体阐述了风机和风管的参数设计过程,并分析了各参数的相互影响,提出了收集装置设计中三个难点的解决方法：①整个装置中磨粉的高压输送,通过合理的风机和风管参数解决;②在管道中,高温磨粉通过高速空气输送被风冷;③黏着主要由潮湿和静电所致,磨加工产生的高温使潮湿的磨粉干燥,静电则通过加装除静电的导线解决。     

基于空簧悬挂特性的高铁车辆垂向振动舒适性对比研究

在对车辆振动舒适性进行型式试验和仿真分析的基础上,以拖车为对象,研究空簧悬挂对车辆垂向振动舒适性和地板振动的影响.对车辆的多体系统仿真结果表明:采用德系空簧时车辆的垂向振动舒适性较使用日系空簧时提高了约10％;而在德系空簧辅以二系垂向减振器的组合悬挂下,车辆的垂向振动舒适性介于使用德系空簧与日系空簧之间.对车辆的刚柔耦合仿真表明:当车辆以不低于300km· h-1的速度在直线和7000m半径曲线线路运行时,地板前端的高频垂向振动主要为转向架上方的局部模态振动,而且随着速度的降低,其振动能量逐步减小或消失;车体地板中部的振动是以1阶和2阶垂向弯曲模态振动为主的中频振动,并且与二系悬挂形式关系不大;当车辆以低于300km·h-1的速度在直线和7000m半径曲线线路运行时,地板前端的垂向振动主要是低频振动,并且与二系悬挂方式有较强的相关性;增设二系垂向减振器后,虽然可以弥补德系空簧低频性能的不足,但有可能因高频阻抗过大而造成1阶垂向弯曲模态振动的增强.     

长江经济带沿江铁路通道规划建设必要性分析

长江经济带发展正式上升为国家战略。沿江铁路通道横跨我国长江经济带,是我国长江经济带发展战略的支撑性通道。以沿江通道区位特征、产业布局、经济特征为依据,通过分析沿江铁路通道的发展现状、存在问题,通道内不同时期铁路运输需求,以及对拟建项目的功能定位进行分析,从而提出沿江铁路通道规划建设的必要性。     

悬挂式单轨车辆走行轮失效对曲线通过及运行平稳性影响的仿真分析

悬挂式单轨车辆走行轮在车辆运行中起到承载和传力的重要作用,其走行轮失效对悬挂式单轨车辆运行性能有重大影响。通过多刚体动力学理论建立悬挂式单轨车轨耦合动力学模型,仿真分析了不同工况下走行轮失效对单轨车辆曲线通过及运行平稳性的影响。仿真结果表明:空载状态下走行轮失效的悬挂式单轨车辆在曲线半径100 m的线路上限速为35 km/h,而满载状态下走行轮失效的车辆一直处于不安全状态,需要尽快行驶到就近站点疏散乘客;同侧走行轮失效对单轨车辆的影响趋势基本一致;在相同行车速度下,走行轮失效时竖向平稳性指标出现了部分数值超过3.0的情况,说明走行轮失效时车辆的运行平稳性会变差。仿真研究结果可为走行轮失效的悬挂式单轨车辆运行提供参考。     

包海通道西安至安康高速铁路运输需求分析

研究国家高速铁路网包海通道西安至安康高速铁路的运输需求,可为本线主要技术标准、运输组织和建设方案的确定提供决策依据。首先通过旅客运输径路比较分析,确定本线主要承担我国蒙西、陕北、山西、北京、东北地区、关中地区与陕南、西南、广西、海南等地的旅客交流,兼顾陕南重镇安康等与关中城市群、陕北地区的城际客流,其次基于"四阶段法"基本原理,对区域铁路客运量进行分配预测,并按照趋势运量、转移运量、诱增运量进一步分析本线客流密度,最后研究本线客流构成、所在通道的综合交通方式结构,并综合确定本线客车开行方案。     

KZ1型控制阀仿真模型及列车制动性能仿真研究

根据空气流动理论和KZ1型控制阀(KZ1阀)的工作原理,建立使用KZ1阀的列车空气制动系统仿真模型,并开发相应的列车空气制动仿真系统,对KZ1阀置于快速及普通位时单车的制动、缓解和紧急制动进行仿真。与试验结果对比表明,仿真模型能够较好地模拟单车制动性能。对KZ1阀应用于时速160 km快速货车的列车制动特性进行仿真分析可知,KZ1阀在快速位时的列车制动性能与104型控制阀接近,在普通位时与120型控制阀接近;KZ1阀在制动、紧急制动时性能较好,但是在缓解时波速过低,初步分析是由于副风缸容积过大所致。因此,使用KZ1阀的车辆与使用其他型号控制阀的车辆混编时,可能会发生缓解传播不连续的问题。     

Total cost analysis: An alternative to benefit-cost analysis in evaluating transportation alternatives

This paper explains the theory in support of total cost analysis (TCA) to compare transportation system alternatives. The full costs of each alternative are first aggregated, including travel time costs and monetizable environmental and social costs. Many costs which are considered on the benefits side of the equation in benefit-cost analysis (BCA) as "cost savings" are brought over to the costs side. Total cost differences among alternatives are then traded off against their estimated non-monetized benefits or impacts, just as a consumer trades off product quality against cost before deciding which product he or she will buy. One advantage of TCA over traditional BCA is that the concept of "total cost" is more easily understood by the public and by political decision-makers than BCA concepts such as "net present worth", "benefit-cost ratio" and "internal rate of return". A second advantage is that there is no suggestion that all "benefits" have been considered; decision-makers are free to use their own value judgements to trade off total cost against non-monetizable social, environmental and economic impacts, just as they trade off quality and convenience against cost when purchasing goods and services in their roles as consumers. The TCA approach is demonstrated in this paper through a case study of two systemwide alternatives for the Baltimore, MD urban area.     

Uncertain demand,modal competition and optimal price-capacity adjustments in air transportation

A new microeconomic model for the operation of an airline facing modal competition with uncertain total demand is developed to analyze optimal price capacity combinations. The novelty is the treatment of the capacity restriction, which is not viewed as affecting negatively individual preferences (e.g. probability of a full flight), but does influence aggregate utility. A mode choice model is used to represent unrestricted individual preferences assuming full availability (phone call demand); air capacity is treated as a variable that acts on the actual choice set. Restricted choices and total demand stochasticity are integrated in welfare calculations (users' benefits and profits). Numerical examples are given and results are analyzed in terms of load factors fare levels, and sensitivity to the stochasticity of requests.This research was partially funded by FONDECYT, Chile, Direction Génerale de l'Aviation Civile, France, the Andes Foundation and the Fulbright Commission.     

Teleworking in the Netherlands: an evaluation of changes in travel behaviour

This article describes the first experiment on teleworking in the Netherlands, and presents the results of an analysis of the impact of teleworking on the travel behaviour of the participants in the experiment and their household members. It was concluded that teleworking has resulted in a significant decrease in the total number of trips by teleworkers (–17%). Peak-hour traffic by car has been reduced even more (–26%). An unexpected result was that the household members of the teleworkers also appeared to travel less than before the experiment.     

不同还原过程空燃比大小对降低稀燃汽油机NOx排放的试验研究

运用自行开发设计的稀燃发动机电控系统和催化系统，对稀燃汽油机运用吸附还原催化法在不同的还原过程空燃比条件下降低NOx的排放进行了研究。试验结果表明，还原过程空燃比越小，吸附还原催化器吸附的NOx还原就越彻底，汽油机排出的NOx也越少。但稀燃汽油机的燃油消耗率增加，经济性变差。